Group Behavior
Social Identity Theory (SIT)
Cognitive Dissonance
Compliance Techniques
Conformity
Zuck Facts
100
One assumption of this approach in psychology is that human beings are social animals and have a basic need to belong.
The sociocultural approach
100
Name a limitation of Social Identity Theory (SIT)?
SIT does not have high predictive validity because it cannot predict an individual's behavior.
(However, it can predict a trend in behavior. It has many applications, and the studies have been replicated. The theory has been tested and supported by many different studies.)
100
Define cognitive dissonance theory.
The theory argues that when we act in a way that contradicts our knowledge and/or beliefs, we experience dissonance (dissonance - a discomfort that motivates us to reduce negative feelings)
100
Define the foot-in-the-door-technique.
Once someone agrees to a small request, they are more likely to agree to a larger request.
100
Define confederate in the context of psychological experiments
Someone who, unknown to the true participants of a study, is working with the researcher of the study
100
What is Ms. Zuck's favorite food?
(Vegetarian) Breakfast burrito!
200
This can be defined as the norms and values that define a specific group or even a society.
Culture
200
What is the primary reason people categorize themselves in terms of group membership, according to Social Identity Theory?
To understand who they are and their value in social contexts.
200
Most experiments on cognitive dissonance have been used on student samples, which lowers what (because you can't generalize to the rest of the population)?
External validity
200
What does the term "lowballing" refer to in the context of compliance?
Decreasing the attractiveness of an offer after commitment
Lowballing involves making an attractive initial offer to gain commitment and then increasing the price before the final purchase.
200
True or false: the Asch paradigm is difficult to replicate
False:The paradigm is easily replicated because it is a highly standardized procedure.
200
Aside from German (and Spanish in middle school, but that doesn't really count), what other language has Ms. Zuck learned?
Russian
300
Do the biological and cognitive approach focus on dispositional factors or situational factors?
Dispositional factors
300
Define salience
Salience determines which information will most likely grab one's attention and have the greatest influence on one's perception of the world.
300
Name one of the ways Festinger (1956) suggests we can reduce cognitive dissonance.
Change the behavior
Discredit the belief
Justify the behavior
Reducing the importance of the belief
Increase the significance of the behavior
300
Define internal validity
the degree to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship
300
What is the difference between informational social influence and normative social influence?
Normative influence is the desire to be liked and avoid social rejection, leading people to publicly agree with a group even if they privately disagree. Informational influence is the desire to be right in ambiguous situations, causing people to look to others for accurate information
300
Ms. Zuck was in this play this year in the role of a German flight attendant.
Boeing Boeing
400
Does the sociocultural approach focus on dispositional factors or situational factors?
Situational factors
400
What are the three mechanisms of Social Identity Theory (SIT)?
Social categorization, social identification, and social comparison
400
What did Tao and Jin (2017) find about the cultural differences in cognitive dissonance?
Cognitive dissonance is a universal psychological phenomenon, but the way people cope with it is shaped by cultural values, particularly the emphasis on personal autonomy in individualist cultures and social harmony in collectivist ones.
400
Name one of Cialdini's 6 factors that influence the likelihood people will respond to a request.
Authority
Commitment
Liking
Reciprocity
Scarcity
Social Proof
400
Name an ethical concern of Asch (1956)
Asch used deception by using the confederates; he put participants in an embarrassing situation where they had to decide whether to believe their own eyes or conform to the majority's opinion.
However, Asch did debrief participants after about the use of deception.
400
Ms. Zuck once performed this song live, karaoke-style, in front of an entire theater of people, with an orchestra and choir, in Mannheim, Germany.
Dancing Queen by ABBA
500
Define reciprocal determinism (Bandura)
The relationship between the individual and the group is bidirectional: as the individual is affected by being part of a group, the individual can also affect behavior in the group
500
Define out-group homogeneity.
The idea that we see all members of an out-group as sharing the same traits
500
What did Aronson (1968) add to the interpretation of cognitive dissonance?
Self-consistency plays a crucial role.
500
Define a goal gradient (Lewin 1951)
The longer people commit to something, the less likely they will abandon the goal (remember: sunken cost fallacy)
500
Does the Asch Paradigm have low or high ecological validity? Why?
Judging the lengths of lines - lacks any personal meaning for the participants. The paradigm has low ecological validity.
500
What is Ms. Zuck's dog's full name?
Miss Marigold Clementine Zuckerman-Rentrup