Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Comparative MS and GBS
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
100 Points
100 Points
Comparative PD and ALS
100
What type of motor neuron damage is associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
Damage to the peripheral nervous system caused by demyelination.
100
What is the main difference between MS and GBS in terms of the nervous system affected?
MS affects the central nervous system, while GBS affects the peripheral nervous system.
100
What is the primary neurotransmitter deficit in Parkinson’s Disease?
Dopamine.
100
Which motor neurons are affected in ALS?
Both upper and lower motor neurons.
100
Which condition is primarily associated with motor symptoms and does not typically involve sensory impairments: PD or ALS?
ALS
200
What is the typical progression pattern of weakness in GBS?
Ascending weakness, starting in the lower extremities and moving upward.
200
Which condition is more likely to present with sensory changes like paresthesia: MS or GBS?
Both conditions can present with paresthesia, but it is more common and persistent in MS.
200
What is the hallmark motor symptom often described as a "shuffling gait"?
Bradykinesia, leading to short, shuffling steps.
200
What is a common early symptom of ALS?
Progressive weakness, often starting in the hands or feet.
200
What is the primary difference in the progression of ALS compared to PD?
ALS progresses rapidly and is ultimately fatal, while PD progresses more slowly and is primarily degenerative.
300
During the acute phase of GBS, what should occupational therapy interventions focus on?
Positioning, pain management, and preventing secondary complications.
300
Why is aerobic exercise recommended for clients with MS but cautiously introduced for clients recovering from GBS?
Aerobic exercise can improve overall function in MS, but in GBS, overexertion can worsen symptoms.
300
What intervention can help reduce freezing of gait in Parkinson’s Disease?
Visual or auditory cues, such as stepping over lines or listening to rhythmic beats.
300
What is the focus of occupational therapy during the mid-to-late stages of ALS?
Maximizing function, preserving independence with adaptive equipment, and ensuring caregiver support.
300
How do speech impairments differ between PD and ALS?
In PD, speech is often soft and monotone due to bradykinesia, while in ALS, speech becomes slurred and weak due to muscle weakness.
400
What is a primary goal of occupational therapy during the recovery phase of GBS?
Gradually increasing activity tolerance and restoring functional independence.
400
In MS, which cognitive function is most often affected, and how might an OT address it?
Executive function; OTs can implement memory aids, task sequencing, and environmental modifications.
400
How does rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease present, and what are two types?
Rigidity presents as resistance to passive movement and includes "lead-pipe" and "cogwheel" rigidity.
400
What is the primary cause of death in most individuals with ALS?
Respiratory failure.
400
Why is early intervention critical in both PD and ALS?
Early intervention maximizes independence, addresses emerging symptoms, and supports long-term planning for progressive impairments.
500
Why is overexertion during therapy contraindicated in clients recovering from GBS?
Overexertion can delay nerve recovery and exacerbate muscle weakness.
500
hat is a common long-term adaptation strategy for both MS and GBS to address fatigue?
Teaching energy conservation techniques, such as prioritizing tasks, delegating, and scheduling rest periods.
500
hat type of exercise has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms in early-stage Parkinson’s Disease?
Intense aerobic exercise.
500
What is the difference between spasticity and flaccidity in ALS, and how does it reflect the progression of the disease?
Spasticity is caused by upper motor neuron damage, while flaccidity results from lower motor neuron damage; both can coexist as the disease progresses.
500
What adaptive equipment might be used for a client with advanced PD versus advanced ALS?
In advanced PD: Weighted utensils to reduce tremors. In advanced ALS: Power wheelchairs for mobility and communication devices for speech loss.