Hematology
define Reticulocytosis, and senescent
Reticulocytosis- young RBC
Senescent-old RBC
Fresh Frozen Plasma
what are the three compents to urinalayais
microscopic, physical and chemistry
What is Tyrosine Kinase, and the Philadelphia chromosome?
The philadelphia chrosome is a recombinated chrosome from 9 and 22. when genes ABL1 and BCR recombined it creates a protein tyrosine kinase.Tyrosine Kinase causes leukemia cells to grow.
What cells is the ABO grouping system found on? How does this differ to where Rh antigens are found.
ABO is found on RBC, platelets, leukocytes, and other tissues (ex. endothelial, and epithelial cells). Meanwhile Rh antigens are only found on RBCs.
What is Erythropoiectin do? a) synthesis RBC, b) influnces BP, C)influnces bone calicum level
a
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Anyways I don't think we talk about this is in class but I feel like it deverse it own moment. So I am forcing this team to bask in the intrigue of this case. On the BBguy Podcast, they were talking about this discrepnincing in a typing. where the man's blood in reverse typing was only reacting with the antigen A cells. But on the foward typing there was a mixed field in reacting with the B, there was a mixed field (which meansome of the RBC were reacting and other weren't in a Gel card). They did flow cytometer and found that 5% of his cells were B+ and 95% were O-. This is because he was a twin and a process known as Hematopoietic chimerism (idk if I spell that right). So his body basically up took some of his twins stems, in the placenta. And he got the stem cells before the ab start being produced being the immune system is still being developed.
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What is glomerulonephritis
is the inflammation of glomeruli caused by antibodies or immune complexs depoisted
How is a WBC count preformed on hemacytometer
the four corners in which the WBC are counted from. The dilute ussally used is ammonium oxalate. WBC counts are 1:100 with the LeukoChek system and 1:20 with the Lueko-TIC system.
Why can Reverse typing not be done on Rh system?
Reverse typing refers to testing for an antibody with a given antigen however Rh IgG is only produced after exposure to a D antigen. Thus most peopled will not show angulation indicating a false positive result.
why would it bad if the urine is not stored in colored in dark colored container
Bilirubin can degraded.
Which Anemia would have Heniz bodies. How do Heniz bodies accumlate?
G6PDH. G6PDH is a protien in the pentose-phosphate pathway, which produces NAPDH from NAPD+. NAPDH is need to replenish the glutothione into it's reduced state so it can handle ROS. Without it in it's reduced form ROS accumlate, and react with hemoglobin. The hemoglobin will start pericatping Hemoglobin will bind on to RBC membrane resulting in the heniz bodies
Which baby should treatment against HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn) be minister for?
Baby #1: B+
Mother #1: A+
Baby #2: A+
Mother #2: A-
baby #2. Because HDN comes from a mother being nevagtive and having exposure to Antigen D, like thru Feto-maernal hemorrhage, thus producing IgG antibodys in repsonse, which are able to cross the placenta. Posing an issue as the mother's antibodys can attack the baby's RBC. However despited in ABO system mother #1 will produce antibodys against antigen-B these antibodys will be IgM, which can't cross the placenta. Treatment for this condition is anti-D, which is minister to the mother 28 weeks til after delivery. The treatment works so that during feto-maternal hemorrhage, the anti-D injections binds to the baby's blood. Preventing the immune system in the mother from being engaged, preventing the humoral response from emerging.
What is disease is indicated by a maple syrup smell
Maple syrup urine disease were amino acids leucine , isoleucine and valine are not metabolismed.