The Periodic Table/Periodic Trends
What is ionization energy?
Energy that is required to move one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms or ions.
What is electrostatic attraction in chemical bonding?
The force that holds oppositely charged ions or atoms.
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two or more reactants form a product.
What is kinetic molecular theory?
Matter made of tiny particles (atoms, molecules) that are constantly moving.
What is endothermic energy?
Energy that is absorbed.
How does atomic radius change across a period?
As you go across the period, the atomic radius increases, adding more protons, increasing the nuclear pull.
What is the first step when drawing a Lewis dot structure for a molecule?
The first step when drawing a Lewis dot structure is to count the total number of valence electrons for all atoms in the molecule.
What is a decomposition reaction?
Where one compound breaks down into two or more substances.
What is Boyle's law?
The law that explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas and space occupied.
What is exothermic energy?
Energy that is released.
Why does ionization energy decrease down a group?
As you go down a group, electrons are in higher energy levels, are more shielded, and feel less pull from the nucleus, so it takes less energy to remove them.
What type of elements form ionic bonds?
Nonmetals and metals.
What usually forms in a double replacement?
Gas or water.
What is Charles' law?
The law that explains the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion.
How does shielding increase down a group?
Shielding increases down a group because each element has more inner electron shells, which block the nuclear pull from reaching the outermost electrons as strongly.
What is the formula for calcium chloride?
CaCl2
What type of reaction is this: HCL+NaOH?
This is a double replacement reaction.
What is a direct relationship?
A direct relationship states that if one value increases, the other one will increase.
What is potential energy?
Energy of position, condition, or energy that is stored.
How does shielding affect ionization energy?
Shielding lowers ionization energy by reducing the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons, making them easier to remove.
What types of elements form covalent bonds?
Two nonmetals produce a covalent bond.
Give an example of a general formula for a synthesis reaction:
A+B=AB
What is the formula to convert celsius to kelvin?
k= c 273
What is activation energy?
Energy that is required to start a reaction.