History & Approaches
Which approach in psychology focuses on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment?
A) Structuralism
B) Functionalism
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Behaviorism
B) Functionalism
In an experiment, which variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable?
A) Dependent Variable
B) Control Variable
C) Independent Variable
D) Confounding Variable
C) Independent Variable
Which psychological approach focuses on understanding how thoughts and perceptions influence behavior?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Cognitive
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic
B) Cognitive
Which area of psychology focuses on diagnosing and treating mental illnesses and disorders?
A) Cognitive Psychology
B) Clinical Psychology
C) Developmental Psychology
D) Industrial-Organizational Psychology
B) Clinical Psychology
What term describes the process by which sensory receptors and the nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment?
A) Perception
B) Sensation
C) Cognition
D) Adaptation
B) Sensation
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Jean Piaget
B) Sigmund Freud
Which term refers to the group in an experiment that is exposed to the independent variable and used to assess its effect?
A) Control Group
B) Experimental Group
C) Confounding Group
D) Baseline Group
B) Experimental Group
Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior?
A) Cognitive
B) Behaviorist
C) Psychoanalytic
D) Humanistic
C) Psychoanalytic
Which subfield of psychology focuses on the study of how people think, learn, and remember information?
A) Clinical Psychology
B) Cognitive Psychology
C) Developmental Psychology
D) Social Psychology
B) Cognitive Psychology
Which of the following research methods involves the in-depth study of a single subject or a small group of subjects?
A) Survey
B) Experiment
C) Case Study
D) Correlational Study
C) Case Study
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
A) Unconscious processes
B) Observable behaviors
C) Mental processes such as thinking and memory
D) Environmental stimuli
C) Mental processes such as thinking and memory
What is the term for the variable that is measured to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable?
A) Independent Variable
B) Control Variable
C) Dependent Variable
D) Extraneous Variable
C) Dependent Variable
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and the potential for personal growth and self-actualization?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Humanistic
C) Biological
D) Sociocultural
B) Humanistic
What is the primary focus of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?
A) Diagnosing and treating mental disorders
B) Enhancing workplace productivity and employee well-being
C) Understanding the effects of aging on cognitive processes
D) Exploring the influence of social interactions on behavior
B) Enhancing workplace productivity and employee well-being
In Jean Piaget’s theory, which stage is characterized by the development of logical thinking and mastery of conservation tasks?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete Operational
D) Formal Operational
C) Concrete Operational
Which early school of thought in psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components?
A) Functionalism
B) Structuralism
C) Humanism
D) Gestalt Psychology
B) Structuralism
Which type of variable is an extraneous variable that might affect the dependent variable and is not controlled by the experimenter?
A) Independent Variable
B) Confounding Variable
C) Dependent Variable
D) Control Variable
B) Confounding Variable
Which approach focuses on how genetic and biological processes influence behaviors and mental processes?
A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Evolutionary
D) Sociocultural
B) Biological
Which subfield applies psychological principles to legal issues and the criminal justice system?
A) Forensic Psychology
B) Health Psychology
C) Neuropsychology
D) Environmental Psychology
A) Forensic Psychology
Which type of memory is characterized by the temporary storage of sensory information, lasting for only a few seconds?
A) Short-Term Memory
B) Long-Term Memory
C) Working Memory
D) Sensory Memory
D) Sensory Memory
Which of the following concepts is central to both Carl Rogers' and Abraham Maslow's humanistic approach to psychology?
A) The unconscious mind
B) Classical conditioning
C) Self-actualization
D) Behavioral reinforcement
C) Self-actualization
What is the term for the group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation of the independent variable and serves as a baseline for comparison?
A) Experimental Group
B) Control Group
C) Placebo Group
D) Random Group
B) Control Group
Which approach in psychology examines how evolutionary principles such as natural selection influence behavior and mental processes?
A) Evolutionary
B) Cognitive
C) Humanistic
D) Psychoanalytic
A) Evolutionary
In which subfield of psychology do professionals study the psychological growth and changes that occur throughout a person’s lifespan?
A) Developmental Psychology
B) Educational Psychology
C) Social Psychology
D) Clinical Psychology
A) Developmental Psychology
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression when levels are low?
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Norepinephrine
D) Acetylcholine
B) Serotonin