Show:
Language Data
Language Experiments
Language Use
Language and Gender
Bonus!
100
A language experiment is ______________ when there is a correlation between a linguistic variable and social classes.
What is SOCIALLY DIAGNOSTIC?
100
The margin of error for a language experiment to be considered useful.
What is 5%?
100
Switching from one language or dialect to another in different situations (home versus school/work, for example).
What is DIGLOSSIA?
100
This PHYSICAL aspect of language use occurs within a higher range for women and a lower range for men.
What is pitch?
100
In the United States, Women in high societal positions and leadership roles tend to speak in a (higher/lower) pitch than the average woman.
What is lower?
200
Grammatical variables exhibit (sharp/gradient) stratification.
What is SHARP STRATIFICATION?
200
A funny thing about language experiments, that you do not want the participants to know their being watched, and yet they usually do.
What is THE OBSERVER'S PARADOX?
200
This occurs when speakers move between formal and informal situations, and it involves changes in pronunciation and vocabulary.
What is STYLE SWITCHING?
200
In general, women tend to (over/under)report their use of the prestigious variable, while men tend to (over/under) report it.
What is over and under?
200
The non-sexist term for an airplane stewardess.
What is flight attendant?
300
A prestigious variant is used 95% of the time by the upper class, 65% of the time by the middle class, and 35% of the time by the lower class. The stratification would suggest it is this kind of variable.
What is PHONETIC?
300
When the investigator knows what the hypothesis is, it can cause this.
What is EXPERIMENTAL BIAS?
300
A language used as means of communication among people who have no common native language.
What is a LINGUA FRANCA?
300
This is the term for the benefit males sometimes receive from using the stigmatized variable.
What is COVERT PRESTIGE?
300
The name for the smallest MEANINGful unit of language.
What is a MORPHEME?
400
Labov's experiment in department stores showed that, unlike before WWII, rhoticity is now associated with (upper/lower) class people in New York City.
What is upper class?
400
When results stay constant even if you repeated an experiment, it is said to be this.
What is STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT?
400
This is a simplified type of language developed and used specifically by people in a geographic area who do not share a common language. Often combines more than one language.
What is a PIDGIN?
400
The pitch range that both women and men are capable of reaching.
What is 125-250 hz?
400
The two types of morphological units are these.
What are roots and affixes?
500
In language data, if use of a variant by the second highest social class crosses over use of the variant by the HIGHEST social class, it happens in the most _______ situation and it is called this.
What are FORMAL and STATISTICAL HYPERCORRECTION?
500
Fischer's experiment in which well-behaved and rude young boys were the participants showed that there is not a correlation between ________ and pronunciation, but there is a correlation between ________ and pronunciation.
What are behavior (or good manners) and social class? [in that order]
500
When a pidgin is learned by an entire generation as a first language, it is then considered this.
What is a CREOLE language?
500
The non-sexist replacements for the following terms: "generic" he, chairman, policeman, fireman. (You must get all of them, but for some there is more than one right answer.)
What are they/he or she, chair/chairperson, police officer, firefighter?
500
One word that represents a tense (future or present perfect) in Nigerian Pidgin English. (There are two right answers.)
What is "don" or "go?"