Final Review Part I

Ancient Greece

100

This city-state was famous for its military training and disciplined warriors.

Sparta 

200

This philosopher taught Plato and was sentenced to death in Athens.

Socrates

300

This epic poem tells the story of Achilles during the Trojan War.

The Illiad

400

The Greeks credited this goddess with wisdom, strategy, and the protection of Athens.

Athena

500

In 490 BCE, the Greeks defeated the Persians at this famous battle.

Battle of Marathon

Ancient Rome

100

Romans gathered in this large arena to watch gladiator contests

Colosseum 

200

This title was given to Rome's first emperor, formerly known as Octavian.

Augustus 

300

This emperor is said to have fiddled while Rome burned, though historians doubt the story.

Nero

400

This river flows through Rome and was crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 BCE.

Rubicon

500

This mountain erupted in 79 CE, destroying Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Mount Vesuvius 

Early Middle Ages

100

This Frankish ruler was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III in 800 CE.

Charlemagne 

200

These seafaring raiders from Scandinavia attacked and settled parts of Europe.

Vikings 

300

This empire, centered in Constantinople, continued the traditions of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Byzantine Empire

400

In 1066, this Norman leader conquered England after winning the Battle of Hastings.

William the Conqueror

500

This legal code, compiled under Emperor Justinian I, influenced many modern legal systems.

Corpus Juris Civilis 

The Crusades

100

In 1095, this pope called for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

Pope Urban II

200

This Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 after the Battle of Hattin.

Saladin

300

The Crusader states established after the First Crusade included this county centered on a city in modern Syria.

County of Edessa

400

This Holy Roman Emperor led the Sixth Crusade and regained Jerusalem primarily through diplomacy rather than warfare.

Frederick II

500

This treaty, negotiated in 1229, temporarily gave Christians access to Jerusalem without a major battle.

Treaty of Jaffa

Late Middle Ages

100

This deadly pandemic killed millions of Europeans during the 14th century.

Black Death 

200

This conflict between England and France lasted from 1337 to 1453.

Hundred Years War 

300

This French heroine claimed divine guidance and helped lift the Siege of Orléans.

St. Joan of Arc

400

This city fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

Constantinople 

500

This invention by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the spread of information in Europe.

Printing Press