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Independent Women and Dependent Men
Validity on Fleek
Analyze That
Design This
Random-Ish
100
These are undesired variables that could invalidate an experiment
What are extraneous variables? Bonus: What other type of variable causes unintended influences on the variability of scores in the dependent variable? (Hint: within groups)
100
This is a control technique that is most applicable to studies in which the participants are in all the conditions of the experiment
What is counterbalancing?
100
Decreasing this will increase your likelihood of finding a significant effect
What is error variability?
100
Using this type of qualitative research method Jose conducts numerous interviews and engages in several observations of a gifted-third grader in order to better understand the adjustment of gifted children, to public schools
What is a case study?
100
If participants respond differently when they know they are being observed, it is referred to this
What is reactance?
200
Shayla conducts a study in which a confederate dresses up either in nice clothes or shabby clothes. The confederate goes to the mall and asks people for directions. Shayla hypothesizes that more people will help the confederate when he is nicely dressed rather than shabbily dressed. This may be done to control for an extraneous variable
What is use the same confederate for all trials?
200
When the position of a treatment in a series determines, in part, the participants' responses, the researcher is dealing with these
What are order effects?
200
If our IV has a strong effect, then the F value should be
What is larger than 1?
200
These procedures involve making observations at different time periods or observing the same behavior in different situations, respectively
What is time sampling and situation sampling?
200
This type of research is conducted with a measured rather than manipulated independent variable
What is an ex post facto?
300
**** If participants in one treatment group become familiar with the treatment of another group and copy that treatment, the experiment has low internal validity due to this.
What is diffusion of treatment?
300
This type of experiment is used to hide the true intent of the study from the participant and experimenter, so as to combat these (HINT: 2-part response)
What is a double-blind experiment and what are demand characteristics? Bonus Q: What is a single-blind experiment?
300
This type of relationship is determined when scores on one variable increase, scores on the second variable decrease
What is negative correlation?
300
Derek conducts a study in which half of the participants read a job application from a male candidate, and the other half read the same job application from a female candidate. In order to make sure that each participant has an equal chance of reading the male job application as the female job application, he uses this control technique
What is randomization?
300
This method involves comparing two or more groups of participants during the same time period versus longitudinal research in which the same group is followed over an extended period of time
What is the cross-sectional method?
400
This is the dependent variable in one study where students read a fictitious job application. The applications are identical except that half have a female name (“Joan”) and half have a male name (“John”), and students rate the likelihood of the applicant succeeding at the job
What are the students' ratings of the applicants' success?
400
Jerry is concerned about this: (1) whether his independent variable is the only possible explanation for the results of his experiment and (2) generalizing the results of his experiment to a different population
What is internal validity and external validity?
400
This statistical test is used when my first independent variable uses independent groups and my second IV uses correlated groups
What is a mixed factorial ANOVA?
400
Certain dependent variables, such as solving puzzles and completing mazes, are difficult to administer more than once. For these research projects, researchers typically avoid this kind of design
What is repeated-measures?
400
One can plot rare occurrences of a trait on both the high and low ends of this with the majority of occurrences appearing in the middle section of this curve
What is a normal distribution? Bonus question: What is the importance of a normal distribution?
500
These are the names of the independent and dependent variables in a study in which the manager wants to see if his store’s layout (main circular path vs. grid system of paths) influences how much money is spent depending on whether there is a sale. The belief is that when there is a sale customers like a grid layout, while customers prefer a circular layout when there is no sale. Over two days the manager alternates the store layout, and has the same group of customers come each day. Based on random assignment, half of the customers were told there is a sale while the other half is told there is no sale. At the end of each day, the manager calculates the profit
Whatare store layout and sale (IV) and profit (DV)?
500
Ron is conducting an experiment that lasts several hours. During part of the experiment, a noisy power saw operates outside the room. Ron is concerned that responses may be influenced by the power saw (extraneous variable) instead of his independent variable. This example illustrates the potential problem of this.
What is history? What about maturation, statistical regression, mortality, diffusion of treatment, selection, instrumentation, and testing?
500
In the criminal justice system, a defendant is innocent until proven guilty. Therefore, the null hypothesis is: “This person is innocent.” These two types of error would be made if (1) the jury decides that a person is guilty (i.e., rejecting the null hypothesis that the person is innocent) when in fact he/she is innocent and (2) if the jury decides that the person is innocent when in fact he/she is guilty, respectively
What is type I and type II error?
500
We are making these types of comparisons when we (1) compare groups of participants who were assigned to groups through matched pairs, natural pairs, or repeated measures and (2) compare groups of participants who were randomly assigned to groups, respectively
What are (1)within-subject (2) between subject designs?
500
If the p<.05, then the following output suggests that the effect is
What is statistically significant? Bonus: Please state the F in terms of p.