FINAL REVIEW

FASD

100

What is FASD and how is it caused?

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Alcohol taken during pregnancy, resulting in brain damage.

200

Describe three characteristics of FASD

Poor memory Unable to link cause and effect Difficulties with abstract concepts Dysmaturity Poor sequencing Executive functioning impaired Adaptive functioning impacted Poor initiation or completion of an activity

300

What is executive functioning?

Higher order skills; working memory, social thinking, critical thinking Ex. inhibition, attention, self-control, making good choices & decisions, understanding of social rules & expectations, understanding social communication (dynamics, when to speak)

400

What are strengths of FASD?

Artistic Musical Strong athletic abilities Visual learner Kinesthetic learner Empathetic Does well with younger children & animals Strong verbal skills "Story teller"

500

A 5 year old child with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome takes a crayon and colours all over the living room wall. What might you do?

Teach them to colour on paper - REPEAT! Increase supervision (protect them from themselves/making a mistake) Use a social story to teach crayons are for paper only! Help them to clean up and then find paper to colour on.

ASD

100

Describe ASD

A neurological disorder which individuals share a social-communication impairment. A spectrum disorder - wide impact that varies between individuals. Autism Spectrum Disorder Neuro-biological

200

Describe three social characteristics of ASD

Interrupts Focuses on own interest Failure to read body language/facial expressions May stand too close/poor eye contact Withdraws/isolates self Limited play skills

300

What tends to be the strongest learning modality for individuals living with ASD?

Visual! Hands-on/kinesthetic/multi-sensory

400

A 5 year old child with ASD is unable to wait in line. They "poke" or "push" on others and require multiple reminders to "Stand still!" What would you do?

Consider placement in line (first/last) Give them an Alt-R (make it impossible to poke) Fidget toys Social story Supervision and modelling Reinforce them when they are successful

500

What is an underlying emotion that many individuals with ASD face or deal with on a daily basis? Hint: this is experienced at a higher level than you or I. Why?

Anxiety Fear of the unknown Unable to predict what will happen next/what others will do because of inability to read body language or understand the unspoken rules Fear of making a mistake/ may have a strong desire to be accurate & to please

Down Syndrome

100

What is Down Syndrome?

A set of characterics that impact development due to an extra 21 chromosone. A syndrome...impact varies individual to individual.

200

What are some of the common concerns for infants or toddlers born with Down Syndrome?

Delayed development in areas of gross/fine motor skill and language development (communication)

300

What are potential social impacts for a child with Down Syndrome if not supported appropriately?

Frustration, isolation Unable to interact socially - perhaps due to inability to be understood Anxiety Withrdrawl Lack friends Does not learn social rules, cues and norms if no peers to interact with

400

How might you encourage a child with DS to expand their attention?

"One more" block...car...page in a story...throw...push on a swing. Teach to learning modality Use a multi-sensory approach to learning

500

What are three strengths of DS?

Memory Insight/perception Creativity Friendly Honest Determined

Behaviour

100

What is a behaviour disorder?

Extreme response to environment Sustained rather than episodic or transient (longer than 3-6 months) Interferes in development/functioning

200

What is involuntary and voluntary behaviour?

Involuntary - reflexive action is response to stimuli. This response may be both instinctual (I.e. pulling your hand away from a hot stove) or conditioned (I.e. Pavlov’s salivating dogs). Voluntary- A controllable or voluntary response. This behaviour is directly influenced by the consequences of the behaviour.

300

Give examples of externalizing behaviour and internalizing behaviour.

Externalizing -Disobedient, Lying, Stealing, Fighting, Destructive Internalizing - Withdrawn, Anxious, Nightmares ,Depression, Low self-esteem

400

What is "function of behaviour" and what are the four basic functions?

The purpose/message of the behaviour...what are they trying to communicate? Avoid/protest Sensory feedback Request/I need help Attention-seeking

500

List five potential impacts for a behaviour challenge/disorder.

Socia isolation/withdrawl Anti-social behaviour Aggression Truancy/poor academic achievement or output Socially inapproriate lanague Language delay Poor academic achievement Rejection by peers

General

100

All behaviour is __________ .

Communication

200

What is person-first language and why is this important?

Use the person/pronoun/their name first, then their disability/diagnosis Recognize they are an individual first and they live with a diagnosis, it does not define who they are.

300

What are risk factors? Give two examples.

Factors (biological, genetic, environmental) which may impact/delay development Drugs during pregnancy Poverty Abuse Poor childcare Infections Accidents

400

What are protective factors? Give two examples

Anything that prevents or reduces vulnerability for the development of a disorder. Prenatal vitamins while pregnant Coping strategies High quality childcare/preschool Early diagnosis Knowledge of development (caregivers) Support system for parent/child

500

What is resiliency?

Capability of individuals and systems (families, groups and communities) to cope with significant adversity or stress in ways that are not only effective When protective factors are present, tend to result in an increased ability to positively respond to future adversity Contributes to the maintenance or enhancement of health May be humour, personaility, addition of protective factors