What Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson by declaring that separate schools are “inherently unequal”.
100
Refugees
What are the persons recognized by the federal government as being persecuted in their home country because of race, religion, nationality, or membership in a specific social or political group.
100
Race
A concept that was developed by physical anthropologists to describe physical characteristics of people in the world more than a century ago. Now discredited.
100
De jure segregation
The separation of groups of people that has been mandated by city, state, or federal government policies.
100
Enculturation
The process of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture and becoming competent in its language and ways of behaving and knowing.
Initiated at birth by parents, siblings, nurses, physicians, teachers, and neighbors.
200
Plyler v. Doe
Ruling that undocumented children have the right to seek a public education.
Educators cannot require students or parents to declare their immigration status, and they cannot make inquires that might expose such status.
200
S.B. 1070
What is the law in which the U.S. Supreme Court on struck down key parts of the Arizona law that sought to deter illegal immigration, but let stand a controversial provision allowing police to check a person's immigration status while enforcing other laws. The court's 5-3 ruling upheld the authority of the federal government to set immigration policy and laws.
200
Ethnic Identity
Characterized by an allegiance to the culture of one’s ancestral homeland.
Becomes voluntary for group members as the dominant society allows assimilation and may lead to less distinction.
200
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Designed to end discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
200
Assimilation
Process by which groups adopt or change the dominant culture
300
Title IX
Requires that all programs, activities, and opportunities offered by a school district be equally available to males and females.
300
Restrictionists
Those who charge that immigrants, especially undocumented ones, are a drain on the social welfare system as they seek education and medical assistance for their children and family members.
300
Asian Americans
Have the highest graduation rates for high school and college.
300
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Emphasizes the individual first and the disability second.
Includes the addition of students with autism and traumatic brain injury as a separate class entitled to services.
Includes a transition plan to be included in every student’s IEP by age 16.
Changes how individuals with disabilities are referred to in literature.
300
Acculturation
Adoption of the dominant group’s cultural patterns.
Dependent on location and discrimination.
Does not guarantee acceptance by the dominant group
400
McKinney-Vento Act
Requires public schools to provide educational rights and protections for homeless children and youth, including students who are living with relatives or friends because they have lost their housing.
400
Native American students
Students who were sometimes removed form their homes to attend boarding schools, which were supported by the labor of the students.
400
White students
These students are projected to compromise less than half of the student population by 2050
400
1964 Civil Rights Act
Banned discrimination in schools, employment, and public accommodations.
400
Hildalgo's Levels of Culture-Symbolic
The key to how individuals define themselves.
Includes our values and beliefs i.e. customs, spirituality, religion, worldview, and mores.
500
De Facto Segregation
What is the separation of groups of people that occurs as people to choose to live in different neighborhoods or participate in different clubs and social groups.
500
Migration
Refers to the movement from one place to another/people crossing borders temporarily, while immigration indicates that a person has moved to a country with the goal of permanently settling there.
500
The Achievement Gap
A disproportionately large number of students of color are not meeting standards as measured by standardized state tests, are not being promoted to the next grade, are not graduating from high school, or are dropping out of school.
Poverty correlates closely with school dropout rates and teen pregnancy.
Race and family income is highly correlated with whether a student immediately enrolls in college.
500
The Wilson Four
In June 2002, four talented Phoenix High school students were on a school field trip to New York to compete in an international solar-powered boat competition.
They were detained by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service for questioning while on an excursion to Niagara Falls after attempting to cross the border.
They faced deportation to Mexico.
In September 2003, a U.S. immigration judge granted the four students until November 28, 2003 to prepare their case.
They were given an opportunity to obtain lawful residency through the pending DREAM Act.
In 2005, U.S. Immigration Judge John Richardson said the government violated the students' constitutional rights against illegal search and seizure and that officials unlawfully obtained evidence against the four.
Immigration experts said the ruling was unusual because proving racial profiling is difficult. It is not expected to have a broad impact because undocumented immigrants who have lived in the country since they were children rarely are subjected to such deportation proceedings
500
Hildalgo's Levels of Culture-Concrete
Visible and tangible-clothes, music, food, games, etc.
Provide the focus for multicultural “festivals” or “celebrations”.