Neuro
List 3 common symptoms of meningitis
Stiff neck, headache, Chills, fever, Photophobia, Mental status changes, N/V
What kind of urinary incontinence occurs when someone laughs or sneezes and some urine leaks out of bladder?
Stress incontinence
This lung infection often occurs after a strep or influenza infection. It can be viral, bacterial, or from aspiration. A chest x-ray is a good way to diagnose. What is it?
Pneumonia
List at least 3 symptoms of hypothyroidism
(think all is slowing down, like a sloth)
Constipation, bradycardia, fatigue, weight gain, sluggishness, depression
Exists after the removal of a body part. Can be extremely distressing but usually resolves with time. What kind of pain is this?
Phantom pain
What is epilepsy? What precautions should the nurse implement for an epileptic patient in the hospital?
Epilepsy is a seizure disorder resulting from spontaneous firing of abnormal neurons; characterized by recurrent seizures.
Seizure precautions: pad bed rails, bed in lowest position, suction and O2 at bedside, limit stimuli, prepare to turn patient to side if seizure starts, do not put anything in their mouth during seizure
On imaging, a patient's kidneys have grape like clusters of cysts in them. What disorder does this indicate?
polycystic kidney disease
What kind of heart failure causes shortness of breath, a cough, and fatigue?
Left sided HF
What hormone is inaccurately produced in addison's disease? Is there too much or too little of it?
There are too little adrenal cortex hormones like glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
This type of diabetes is when the beta cells in islands of langerhans don’t work anymore, causing the body to stop producing insulin.
Type 1 DM
What is decorticate posturing and what does indicate?
Decorticate= Abnormal rigid flexion of body, Stiff bent arms folded against chest, Clenched fists, Internally rotated legs but extended straight, Feet turned inward
Indicates severely increased ICP, close to death if don’t intervene to relieve pressure soon
You are teaching a class about UTIs. What are 4-5 common symptoms of a UTI to teach patients to watch for at home?
foul smelling urine, cloudy urine, dysuria, urgency, frequency, back/flank pain, confusion (especially in older adults), etc.
When do patient's need to start dialysis with chronic kidney disease?
When they enter stage 5 (end stage renal disease), their GFR is <15
You are assessing a patient who presents with a moon face, acne, purple striae (stretch marks), obesity around the truck of body, and a buffalo hump. What disorder do they likely have? What hormone imbalance causes this?
Cushing Syndrome -- excessive glucocorticoids like cortisol
List 3 risk factors for deceloping pressure ulcers. What would you stage a pressure injury that you can see the bone in?
Friction, sheer, moisture, malnutrition, unrelieved pressure, immobility
Stage 4 / IV
This autoimmune disorder hinders the neurological system. A major symptom is weakening of throat muscles causing difficulty talking swallowing. What disorder is it?
Myasthenia gravis
Explain the major difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndromes.
-Nephrotic syndrome: issue in glomerulus that causes excessive amount of protein to be excreted in the urine
-Nephritic syndrome: inflammation of glomeruli from antibodies attacking antigens that exist in the glomeruli normally. Will likely see/ have blood in urine!
What are the 3 STIs that need to be reported to the CDC? (HIV not included here)
chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
Your patient was diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism, what symptoms do you expect to see before treatment? List at least 3.
Paresthesia of the fingertips, toes, and lips, muscle twitching or spasms (tetany), fatigue or weakness; dysrhythmias; hypotension, headaches
*S/S of low Ca because PTH controls Ca in body, when PTH is not being produced nothing tells Ca to come out of bones into blood
How would you stage a burn that is red, blanchable, has blisters, and is painful?
Stage 2 (blisters indicate this stage)
What disorder causes a masked face, tremors, shuffeling gait, dementia, and speech difficulty? What neurotransmitter is lacking that causes this disorder?
Parkinson's disease, caused by lack of dopamine in the brain
Explain the differences between pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-renal AKIs. List a potential cause of each.
-post-renal: problem occurs after the kidney, ex: BPH, kidney stone
What two disorders make up COPD? What is the biggest risk factor for developing COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the patient can have both or only one of these to be considered to have COPD. Smoking is the biggest risk factor.
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it secretes so many hormones. List at least 2 hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary and 2 from the posterior pituitary.
-anterior pituitary hormones: growth hormone (GH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Prolactin (PRL), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-posterior pituitary hormones: oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
List the biggest concern with K+ imbalance and Na+ imbalances (what body system do both impact most).
K+ causes cardiac issues -- get an EKG
Na+ causes neuro problems like seizures