Chapter 11- DNA Technology
A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.
True or False
FALSE
Which of the following is defined as genetic change in a population from generation to generation?
A. heredity
B. phenotype
C. evolution
D. genotype
E. mitosis
C. evolution
__________is the specialized field of study that examines fossils and other clues to past life or environmental conditions.
A. Astrology
B. Genetics
C. Geology
D. Microevolution
E. Paleontology
E. Paleontology
The process by which new species originate
A. is extinction.
B. occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring.
C. is speciation.
D. is germination.
E. occurred only once in Eart
C. is speciation.
The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is called
A. catastrophism.
B. temporal equilibrium.
C. gradualism.
D. punctuated equilibrium.
E. temporal isolation
D. punctuated equilibrium.
Genetically modified bacteria are responsible for producing
A. the amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartame.
B. human insulin to treat diabetes.
C. blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.
D. fertility hormones for humans.
E. All answers are correct
E. All answers are correct
The scientist who published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859 was
A. Georges-Louis Buffon.
B. Charles Darwin.
C. Charles Lyell.
D. James Hutton.
E. Jean Lamarck.
B. Charles Darwin.
Relative dating uses to estimate the age of a fossil.
A. radioactive isotopes
B. depth within rock layers
C. embryonic structures
D. a molecular clock
E. structural features
B. depth within rock layers
The scientist given credit for devising the two-word scientific naming system is
A. Carolus Linnaeus.
B. Charles Darwin.
C. Gregor Mendel.
D. Aristotle.
E. Louis Pasteur.
A. Carolus Linnaeus.
A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey. This is an example of _______ reproductive isolation.
A. prezygotic
B. allopatric
C. postzygotic
D. sympatric
E. parapatric
D. sympatric
Growth and development of a normal cell differs from a stem cell because
A. normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.
B. stem cells do not specialize into normal cells.
C. stem cells are not found in adult organisms.
D. mature stem cells do not contain DNA.
E. mature normal cells do not contain DNA.
A. normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.
In______ selection, one extreme phenotype is the fittest while others are selected against.
A. convergent
B. disruptive
C. artificial
D. stabilizing
E. directional
E. directional
Absolute dating uses______ to estimate the age of a fossil.
A. radioactive isotopes
B. embryonic structures
C. structural features
D. a molecular clock
E. depth within rock layers
A. radioactive isotopes
Mating practices specific to a species is an example of isolation.
A. gametic
B. behavioral
C. ecological
D. mechanical
E. temporal
B. behavioral
If a sheep and goat are mated, their offspring dies as an embryo. This is an example of reproductive isolation.
A. prezygotic
B. parapatric
C. allopatric
D. sympatric
E. postzygotic
E. postzygotic
An example of DNA technology is
A. transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.
B. sexual reproduction between two fish.
C. asexual reproduction in one bacterium.
D. a cat feeding upon a mouse.
E. a parasitic fungus infecting a bird.
A. transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.
At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A. allele frequencies change from one generation to the next.
B. evolution does not occur.
C. allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next so evolution does not occur.
D. allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next.
E. evolution occurs at an increased rate.
C. allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next so evolution does not occur.
If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution, these structures are
A. analogous.
B. vestigial.
C. homeotic.
D. homologous.
E. heterologous.
A. analogous.
The type of reproductive isolation in which two populations live in the same habitat but remain isolated from one another due to one being active during the daytime only and the other being active only during the night is
A. gametic isolation.
B. mechanical isolation.
C. behavioral isolation.
D. sexual selection.
E. temporal isolation.
E. temporal isolation.
Mules are considered to be a distinct species because they produce fertile offspring when mated.
True or False
FALSE
DNA technology can be applied to prevent, detect, and treat genetic diseases.
True or FalseTRUE
The bottleneck effect is the loss of genetic diversity that occurs when
A. many organisms have successful survival rates.
B. many members of a population die.
C. large groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements.
D. small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements.
E. many members of a population reproduce.
B. many members of a population die.
The wing of a bat and an insect are examples of structures.
A. vestigial
B. analogous
C. heterologous
D. homologous
E. homeotic
B. analogous
Polyploidy means having
A. an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes.
B. three or more sets of chromosomes.
C. only one set of chromosomes.
D. three or more chromosomes.
E. an abnormal number of one particular chromosome.
B. three or more sets of chromosomes.
A monophyletic group is a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants, also known as a clade.
True or False
TRUE