FINALS 1

1

100

DI S/S

frequent urination

polydipsia - thirsty

dry skin

dehydration 

200

In DI, which hormone keeps water in?

ADH or antidiuretic hormone 

Body's "water retention switch" is damaged 

300

T/F: DI has nothing to do w/ glucose 

TRUE

400

"Always drinking, always dry"

Hint: Dr. Tehrani dx'd w/ this in the past 

DI

500

TOO MANY STEROIDS!

"Excess is the Norm"

Cushings 

2

100

SS for Cushing's 

weight gain (moon face, buffalo hump)

hirsutism, skin changes 

anxiety, agitation 

high bp 

200

What is Cushing's syndrome?

Hint: C stands for Cortisol

excessive cortisol d/t pituitary adenomas, adrenal tumors, or ectopic ACTH production 

300

SIADH S/S

Fluid retention

hyponatremia (low sodium)

HA, nausea, confusion

400

SIADH tx

Fluid restriction

salt supplementation

careful diuretic use to manage hyponatremia

500

Excessive ADH despite low osmolarity

d/t lung cancer, CNS issues, SSRIs

SIADH

3

100

"swollen with water, washed away"

SIADH

200

T1DM what is it?

autoimmune disorder

immune sx attacks pancreatic beta cells --> no insulin production

300

T1DM s/s

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia; (extreme thirst, frequent urination, hunger)

unexplained weight loss, fatigue, irritability 

400

T2DM s/s 

TRIAD: poly- dipsia/uria/phagia 

slow healing wounds, frequent infx, darkened skin (acanthosis nigricans) 

500

what is T2DM?

insulin resistance --> insufficient insulin production 

4

100

What is GDM?

Impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy 

Second and third trimesters

200

GDM T/F: fetus is often LARGE for gestational age 

TRUE

300

Consequences of GDM

hypoglycemia 

large-for-gestational-age infants

fetal defects, and premature delivery

400

Cushing's Triad

bradycardia

HTN

bradypnea or irregular respirations 

500

What is the ischemic penumbra

region of the brain that surrounds the core area of a stroke

brain cells are still alive, there is a risk of dying if blood flow is not restored 

penumbra can be reversed

5

100

TIA (transient ischemic attacks)

Hint: 'T' think temporary

TEMPORARY blood flow block to brain 

200

TIA cause

blood clot, narrowed arteries, 

NOT BLEEDING 

300

Ischemic stroke

What are the two types?

1. thrombotic, ~40% of all cases, d/t blood clot forming in one of the blood vessels of the brain, fatty deposits 

2. Embolic, ~20% of all strokes, blood clot formed in another area of body travels to brain vessels 

400

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

blood vessels in the brain rupture and bleeds

forms hematoma 

500

normal ranges for: 

temp, pulse, respirations, BP

Temp: 97-99°F

Pulse: 60-100 beats/minute

Respirations: 12-20 breaths/minute

BP: 120/80 mmHg