Ch 9+10
The process of deriving meaning from
morphemes and words, relies on context
semantics
what are the three parts of the unconscious
ID- primitive
EGO-rational, satisfies both ego and superego
SUPEREGO- moral, wants what's right.
Appraisal which is triggered by the perception of a threat. Judgment of the options available to cope with a stressor, as well as perceptions of how effective such options will be.
Secondary Appraisal
ADHD and Autism fall under what category of disorders?
Neurodevelopmental disorders- Typically diagnosed in early childhood. Involve developmental problems in personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning
Name at least one barrier to seeking treatment
Availability: Limited options
• Poor quality of care
• Accessibility: Financial obstacles, long wait-lists
• Lack of adequately trained mental health professionals
• Acceptability: stigma
Characterized by deficiencies in speech production, i.e.,
difficulty forming words and inability to speak with
proper grammar (agrammatism).
Broca's aphasia
What are the 3 Levels of Consciousness according to psychoanalytic theory
Conscious - thoughts and feelings we are aware of at
any given moment
Preconscious - memories or feelings that we aren’t
consciously thinking about, but can be brought to
consciousness
Unconscious - mental activity of which we are
unaware and are unable to access memories or feelings that are so unpleasant or anxiety
provoking that they are repressed
Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome involves which three stages?
Alarm Reaction: Body’s reaction to initial exposure to stressor as
resources are mobilized (fight-or-flight)
2. Stage of Resistance: Body’s attempt to stabilize if stressor
continues. Continues to exert energy to combat stressor.
3. Stage of Exhaustion: Organism is depleted of energy and can no
longer offer resistance. Results in organ failure and death
What are some of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive Symptoms, Excess of behaviours including:
oDelusions: false beliefs
oDisorganized thinking, speech, motor behaviour
oHallucinations
Negative Symptoms, Deficits in behaviours:
o Alogia: minimal speaking
o Flat Affect: very little emotion
o Avolition: lack of motivation, energy, and personal hygiene
o Asociality: impaired social skills and relationships
o Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure
What is the difference between Psychotherapy and Biomedical Therapy
Psychotherapy: treatment using methods to overcome personal problems and/or attain personal growth
Biomedical therapy: medication or medial procedures
Exhaustive step-by-step procedure that
guarantees a correct solution.
Algorithms
What are the big 5 personality traits
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
What's the difference between acute and chronic stressors
Acute: brief focal events
Chronic stressor: events that persist over an
extended period of time
What are the 4 D's that disorders consist of?
Disturbance: in inner states and behaviours
Dysfunction: Must stem from internal dysfunction of mechanisms in the body
Distress: behaviours (thoughts or emotions) cause significant distress or unhappiness that interfere with daily functioning
Deviance: behaviours (thoughts or emotions) differ from societal expectations (standards or norms)
Name 2 different forms of therapy
Individual, group, couples, family, psychodynamic, humanistic etc.
Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations
Motivation arising from internal
factors such as autonomy, mastery, or purpose
VS
Motivation arising from external
factors such as compensation, punishment, or reward
What is the fundamental attribution error?
When explaining a person’s behavior, we tend to
overemphasize internal factors and underemphasize
external factors.
What two scales do we use to measure stress, what do they specifically measure?
Social Readjustment Rating Scale:Life changes: events or situations that require us to make changes in our lives.
Daily Hassles scale: Everyday annoyances/common experiences that may frequently produce stress
What are the three subtypes of depression?
-Seasonal pattern
- Peripartum onset (a.k.a postpartum depression)
- Persistent depressive disorder:
What form of therapy was invented by carl rogers to allow individuals to grow and develop in a comfortable, nonjudgemental environment
Client Centered Therapy
Two critical areas in hypothalamus in hunger and eating and what they do
Lateral Hypothalamus (LH): Responds to hunger signals and promotes eating
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH): Responds to satiety signals and inhibits eating
what term describes when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behaviour alone
Social Facilitation
Name at least 3 social or behavioural risks for cardiovascular disease.
SOCIAL
+Age
+Income
+Education
+Employment status
BEHAVIOURAL RISKS
+Poor Diet
+Limited Exercise
+Substance use
+Obesity
+Diabetes
What is the difference between Depersonalization and
Derealization Disorder
Depersonalization: Feeling of detachment from one’s body
-Feel robotic or mechanical, not themselves, distorted sense of time
-‘Out-of-body’ experience in extreme cases
o Derealization: detachment from the world
-Feeling of being in a fog/dream
- Memory is unaffected
Mood stabilizers work to combat episodes of mania as well as depression, what disorder would this treat?
Bipolar disorder