Exam #1
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the outermost shell of an atom
What is the function of a ribosome?
Making Proteins
What happens in glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
What is a gamete cell?
egg or sperm cell.
What is held in the nucleus?
DNA
What biomolecule is DNA made out of?
Nucleic Acids
Two molecules are being joined together is theis reaction anabolic or catabolic?
anabolic
What is a concentration gradient?
A difference in concentrations on one side of a membrane to another. High to low concentration.
What is anaphase?
When the chromosomes split off the m-plate
What is molecular polarity?
One side has a partial negative charge, and one side has a partial positive charge. Opposite poles.
How many neutrons are in sodium?
12
Whats the difference between the Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Rough - Modifies and produces proteins
Smooth - Modifies and produces lipids
What is the name of the protein that produces ATP?
ATP Synthase
What do humans produce after fermentation?
Lactic Acid
What are the 6 kingdoms of biology?
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
Name the 3 main types of bonds in molecules. Bonus if you can get the 4th type.
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
Bonus: Van der Wals
What is a glycolipid?
A lipid with a carb attached that is embedded in the cell membrane
Whats the purpose of the ETC?
to create a strong concentration gradient.
What protein is associated with the wrapping of DNA?
Histones
What happens in the G phases of interphase?
The cell is growing and preparing to divide.
Whats the atomic difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated- Molecules are closer together and have more hydrogens (making it a solid at RT)
Unsaturated- Molecules are further apart due to the kink caused by less hydrogens (making it a liquid at RT)
What molecule controls the rigidity of the cell membrane?
Cholesterol
What is the difference between Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle/Dark Reactions?
Light Reactions - Produces ATP and NADPH
Calvin Cycle/Dark Reactions - Produces Sugars
If a red blood cell is placed in fresh water and it blows up, what is the tonicity of the fresh water in relation to the red blood cell?
The saltwater is hypotonic to the red blood cell.
What are the steps of Meiosis in order?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis