Synthesis
These two countries have the largest economies and are the most populous in Africa and South America.
What are Nigeria and Brazil?
This group of investors gradually overtook foreign and Hong Kong firms in renewable energy development, becoming central to China’s domestic technology capability.
Who are domestic or local Chinese firms?
This is the perspective that highlights derisking is a contested, structurally embedded, and financially limited process.
What is a Critical Macrofinance (CMF) perspective?
1.95%
What is the % of shares of renewable energy finance from public sources in Brazil from Japan?
Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy to split this substance into hydrogen and oxygen.
What is water?
This is highly dependent on national and local contexts! There is no one-size-fits-all answer. If it was that easy, do you really think we would have a whole class on it?
What is financing clean energy development?
Following the Renewable Energy Promotion Law, financing for this traditional fossil fuel sharply declined in China.
What is coal?
This financial vehicle, launched at COP27, institutionalizes Namibia’s derisking strategy to mobilize private investment in green hydrogen.
What is SDG Namibia One?
$14.395 billion MORE
What is the amount Brazil invested in wind tech compared to Nigeria?
This derivative of hydrogen is easier to transport internationally and is highlighted in the article.
What is green ammonia?
Public money used to subsidize financiers to attract capital. In Namibia, it came under 3 types: monetary, fiscal, and regulatory.
What is derisking?
During the 1980s and 1990s, this economic shift opened China’s energy sector to private and foreign investments.
What is market liberalization?
Under Namibia’s hydrogen strategy, this private consortium was granted a 40-year land concession of over 4,000 km² to anchor the Southern Corridor Development Initiative.
What is Hyphen Hydrogen Energy?
These financing arrangements combine public and private investment and are central to derisking strategies.
What are public–private partnerships (PPPs)?
This geopolitical event increased Europe’s urgency to invest in green hydrogen imports.
What is the Russia–Ukraine war?
These competitive procurement mechanisms introduced in 2007 helped reduce renewable energy costs in Brazil.
What are energy auctions?
This 2005 legislation in China promoted the development of hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy to strengthen national energy security.
What is the Renewable Energy Promotion Law?
This country’s Federal Ministry of Research funded McKinsey to draft Namibia’s national hydrogen strategy.
What is Germany?
The authors argue that derisking shifts development leadership toward this group.
Who are private investors (institutional investors)?
This country is used as the main case study for green hydrogen industrialization.
What is Namibia?
Governance related risks such as complex bureaucracies, corruption and changing regulations.
What is the biggest barrier / risk to renewable energy financing?
China set a goal for renewable energy to reach this percentage of total energy share by 2020 under its policy framework.
What is 15% renewable energy share by 2020?
This is the assumption that once the state reduces investment risks, private companies seeking profit will automatically generate structural transformation.
What is divine coincidence?
This structural constraint limits policy autonomy due to global financial integration.
What is financial globalization?
While most hydrogen is produced via "grey" processes, this specific, color-coded type of hydrogen is produced by splitting water via electrolysis using renewable energy.
What is green hydrogen?