Science of Fire
What is fire?
Fire- a rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.
What is the first stage of fire?
Incipient Stage
What is temperature reduction?
Temperature Reduction- cooling with water. Simply you are lowering the temperature by absorbing the heat with water.
What is convection?
Convection- heat transferred by circulation within a medium such as gas or a liquid
What are the 3 major components or a Halligan tool?
What is temperature?
Temperature- measure of a material’s ability to transfer heat energy into other objects. Also, the intensity of heat present in an object.
What is the last stage of fire development?
Decay Stage
What is oxygen exclusion?
Oxygen Exclusion- reducing the oxygen available to the combustion process reduces a fire’s growth and may totally extinguish it overtime.
What is conduction?
Conduction- heat transferred through contact of two solids.
Give an example of a prying tool?
Halligan, pry bar, crowbar, etc...
What is combustion?
Combustion- a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.
In what stage does thermal layering happen?
Growth Stage
What is the least desired method of fighting fire?
Fuel Removal
What is radiation?
Radiation- heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy.
What is a ladder with two or more sections that can be adjusted to different lengths?
Extension Ladder
What is oxidation?
Oxidation- chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer such as oxygen in the air. An example of slow oxidation is metal rusting. Fast oxidation is fire
What is the most intense stage of fire?
Fully developed Stage
What are the parts of the Fire Tetrahedron?
Heat, oxygen, fuel, and chemical reaction.
What are the three types of fuels?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What are heavy irons?
Sledgehammer and Halligan tool
What are the types of ignition?
Piloted ignition & Autoignition
What is thermal layering?
Thermal layering is when gases form into layers according to temperature. Generally, the hottest gases tend to be in the upper layer, while the cooler gases form the lower layers.
What are the elements of the fire triangle?
What is the commonly used term for thermal energy?
Heat
What is the O2 percentage in the air under normal conditions?
Approximately 21 percent