Heterodoxy
Name the word defined here: A movement of baptized Christians who deny part of the Christian faith.
What is a heresy?
In 325 AD, this council fought back hard against Arianism with Jolly Old Saint Nicholas even going 'fist to cuffs' with Arius himself.
What is the First Nicene Council?
Insane, debauched emperor who, when rumors that he started the great fire of 64 would not go away, chose an easy scapegoat: the Christian community in Rome. Christians suffered greatly under him.
Who is Emperor Nero?
She found the true cross.
Who is St. Helen (or Helena)?
This Doctor of the Church said: "Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ."
Who is St. Jerome?
This person was very popular and his teaching spread all over the ancient world. He taught that Christ was a high created being (and not God), thus he denied the divinity of the Son.
Who is Arius?
This was the first regional council (not an ecumenical one), which wrestled with the question of whether new converts to Christianity first had to convert to Judaism and accept dietary laws and circumcision (ca. 50 AD).
What is the Council of Jerusalem?
This man had a mixed legacy, but was most significantly was the co-author of the Edict of Milan. 100 Point Bonus: What did the Edict state and when was it written?
Constantine the Great, Emperor of Rome.
Bonus: The Edict of Milan stated that all subjects of Rome would be given religious freedom and that all the properties taken from Christians should be returned.
Who is St. Scholastica?
He could tell you where to find "The City of God."
Who is St. Augustine?
This heresy promoted the belief that Mary didn't give birth to Jesus' divine nature, only to his human nature... thus she was not the "Mother of God." (Thus implicitly denying the Hypostatic Union.)
What is Nestorianism?
This council of 431 AD declared that Mary was indeed the Theotokos, and in honor of this council, Pope Celestine gave us the second part of the "Hail Mary."
What is the Council of Ephesus?
This successful Barbarian ruler was met on the outskirts of Rome by St. Leo the Great (Leo I) as he was about to sack Rome with his armies. For reasons largely hidden to history, he turned back after this meeting.
Who is Attila the Hun?
Believed to have died by the sword in an arena on March 7, 203 AD, standing side by side with a devout companion. She was pregnant at the time.
Who is St. Felicity?
This category of heretical beliefs has in common the assertions that matter is evil, that the body traps the divine spark, that adherents possess a secret knowledge and that Christ's humanity was an illusion.
What is Gnosticism?
This council taught that Jesus Christ is to be "recognized in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation." The "distinction of natures" is "in no way annulled by the union."
What is the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD)?
This man put down the Nika Rebellion in Constantinople with force and immediately began to rebuild the Hagia Sophia.
Who is Emperor Justinian I?
Who is Empress Theodora (of Byzantium)?
Driven into exile not once, but 5 times (!), he was also present at the First Council of Nicaea. Remember: "Have you seen ___ ?" "Yes, keep looking you are not far."
Who is St. Athanasius?
Defined as "a doctrine that in the person of the incarnated Word there was only one nature—the divine".
What is monophysitism?
(It arose out of a reaction against Nestorianism which taught Jesus was two distinct persons instead of one.)
This was the second ecumenical council and was convened to address some unfinished business from Nicaea I, and to declare the Holy Spirit as co-equal with the Father and Son. Hint: It took place in a famous city named for a famous leader.
What is the 1st Council of Constantinople (381 AD)?
There is an arch built in his honor which celebrates his victory over the Jewish Rebellion in Judea when the Temple was sacked and plundered. Hint: His father was Vespacian.
Who is Titus?
This early Roman martyr distributed her possessions to the poor, which enraged the prefect Almachius, who ordered her to be burned. When the flames did not harm her, she was beheaded.
Who is St. Cecilia?
This doctor of the Church brought Theodosius to repentance, demonstrating clearly the principle that the Emperor is within the Church, NOT over the Church. The emperor submitted and did penance for his crime of massacring the people of a small town.
Who is St. Ambrose?