Anaphylaxis
15kg/33lbs Junior
30kg/66lbs adult
What are the common signs and symptoms of respiratory distress that may require an inhaler?
Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and difficulty speaking due to lack of air.
When is it appropriate to use a tourniquet?
A tourniquet should be used when there is severe, life-threatening bleeding from a limb that cannot be controlled with direct pressure or other methods, or in situations where direct pressure is not possible (e.g., in a mass casualty or dangerous environment)
What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR when performing single-rescuer CPR?
30 compressions for 2 breaths
Scenario 1: Motor Vehicle Accident Victim
A victim of a car crash is unresponsive when paramedics arrive. Upon examination:
Eye Response (E): No eye opening.
Verbal Response (V): No verbal response.
Motor Response (M): Withdraws from pain.
Question: Calculate the GCS score for this patient and assess the severity of their condition.
6
When would you check the 6 rights?
Before proceeding to administer the medication
What are the key steps for properly using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
Shake the inhaler, remove the cap, have the person exhale fully, place the inhaler mouthpiece in their mouth, press the canister while they take a slow, deep breath, and hold the breath for 10 seconds before exhaling slowly.
Where should a tourniquet be applied in relation to a bleeding wound?
The tourniquet should be applied 5-7 cm (2-3 inches) above the wound, avoiding placement over a joint.
What are the key signs of shock, and how do you manage it?
Scenario 2: Post-Seizure Evaluation
A patient is brought to the emergency department after a seizure. During evaluation:
Eye Response (E): Opens eyes to verbal command.
Verbal Response (V): Incoherent speech
Motor Response (M): Localizes pain
Question: Calculate the GCS score and determine the level of consciousness.
10
After administering epinephrine, what additional care should be provided?
Monitor the person’s airway, breathing, and circulation. Place them in a comfortable position (lying down with legs elevated if conscious and no breathing issues). Be prepared to administer a second dose of epinephrine after 5-15 minutes if symptoms persist or worsen, and stay with them until emergency services arrive.
What is the purpose of a spacer, and how does it improve inhaler effectiveness?
A spacer helps ensure that more medication reaches the lungs by holding the medicine in a chamber, allowing the person to inhale it slowly and deeply over multiple breaths.
What are the key steps for properly applying a tourniquet?
Place the tourniquet above the wound, tighten it until the bleeding stops, secure the tourniquet to maintain pressure, note the time of application, and ensure it remains in place until medical professionals can provide further care.
How do you treat a
burn?
Stop the burning process, cool the burn with clean running water for at least 10 minutes, cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick dressing, and avoid applying ointments or breaking blisters.
Scenario 3: Head Injury from a Fall
A construction worker fell from a height and is being assessed for neurological damage. Observations are as follows:
Eye Response (E): Opens eyes spontaneously.
Verbal Response (V): Confused conversation.
Motor Response (M): Obeys commands
Question: Calculate the GCS score and interpret its implications.
14
How do you properly administer an epinephrine auto-injector?
Hold the injector firmly, remove the safety cap, and press it firmly against the mid-outer thigh (through clothing if necessary). Hold for 5-10 seconds, then massage the area for 10 seconds.
What should you do if the person’s symptoms do not improve after using their inhaler?
If symptoms persist or worsen after one dose, administer a second dose after 1-2 minutes if allowed. If there is no improvement, call emergency services (e.g., 911) and monitor the person's breathing until help arrives.
What are the potential risks or complications of using a tourniquet, and how do you mitigate them?
Continuously monitor the person for signs of shock, ensure the tourniquet remains tight and effective, avoid loosening it, and record the time it was applied to inform medical personnel.
What should you do for a conscious adult who is choking and cannot speak or breathe?
Perform 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) and repeat until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious.
Scenario 4: Stroke Victim
An elderly patient suspected of having a stroke is being assessed. Findings include:
Eye Response (E): Opens eyes to pain.
Verbal Response (V): Utters incomprehensible sounds.
Motor Response (M): Flexion to pain (decorticate posture).
Question: Calculate the GCS score and classify the severity of the neurological impairment.
7
How can you differentiate anaphylaxis from a mild allergic reaction?
Anaphylaxis involves systemic symptoms affecting two or more body systems (e.g., respiratory, cardiovascular, skin, gastrointestinal)
What are some important precautions or contraindications to consider before assisting someone with an inhaler?
Ensure the inhaler is prescribed for the person experiencing the symptoms, check the expiration date, and confirm the person is not allergic to the medication. Avoid administering if the person is unconscious or unable to breathe effectively without assistance.
What are the potential risks or complications of using a tourniquet, and how do you mitigate them?
Risks include tissue damage, nerve injury, and loss of the limb if applied for an extended period. Mitigate these risks by applying the tourniquet only when necessary, ensuring it is used correctly, and seeking professional medical care as quickly as possible.
What are the key steps in managing a suspected fracture?
Immobilize the injured area, support it with a splint or sling if possible, avoid moving the limb unnecessarily, monitor for signs of shock, and seek medical help immediately. If an open fracture is present, control bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
Scenario 5: Intoxicated Patient
A young adult is found unconscious with suspected alcohol poisoning. Initial assessment:
Eye Response (E): Does not open eyes.
Verbal Response (V): Inappropriate words.
Motor Response (M): Extends in response to pain (decerebrate posture.
Question: Calculate the GCS score and discuss the potential need for immediate intervention
6