First Aid

General First Aid

100

Name at least 4 things you should have in your personal first aid kit.

Bandaids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap, antiseptic, scissors, latex gloves, mouth-barrier device, eye protection, pencil & paper.

200

What is the one thing you should treat every accident victim for?

Shock

300

What is 1 of the 4 ways you can recognize/sense an emergency

1) Unusual Sights

2) Unusual appearance/behaviors

3) Unusual Odors

4) Unusual Noises

400

Should you ever move an accident victim with serious injuries before help arrives?

Yes, if the victim is in immediate danger: for example, out of a river or in the path of a fire.

500

What is the "Good Samaritan Law"?

Laws that protect anyone from making a good faith effort the help the victim of an injury or illness. Whenever you are confronted with a first aid emergency, use the skills you have to the best of your ability. No one expects you to have the knowledge of a physician but you can use your training to help until professional medical attention is available.

Consent

100

When should you obtain consent?

You should always obtain consent BEFORE offering aid! 

200

What is consent?

Permission or a voluntary agreement between people. It can be expressed through words or actions that are clear and mutually understood. Consent can be withdrawn at any time, and it doesn't have to be verbal.

300

What is 1 of the 3 exceptions to obtaining consent?

If the person refuses care, call 911

If the person is a minor, get consent from a parent or guardian

If the person is unconscious, the consent is implied

400

What is informed consent?

Consent is given by people who are fully conscious, legally competent, and have the capacity to understand and evaluate their decisions.

500

How do you obtain consent? List the 5 steps. 

• State your name

• Tell the person you are trained in first aid

• Ask the person if you can help

• Explain what you think may be wrong

• Explain what you plan to do

Animal Bites & Stings

100

True or False: when someone is stung by a bee or wasp, you should squeeze the wound to get the stinger out.

False. Squeezing will force more venom into the skin from the sac attached to the stinger. Use the edge of a knife blade to scrape away the stinger.

200

How do you remove a tick?

Grasp the tick with tweezers close to the skin. Gently pull until it comes loose. Wash the wound carefully with soap and water, and apply antiseptic.

300

What first aid do you apply for NON-POINSONOUS snake bites?

Scrup with soap and water. Apply antiseptic. Non-venomous snakes bites only cause minor puncture wounds.

400

How do you treat hyperventilation?

1. Talk quietly to victim and encourage him to calm down and breathe slowly. 2. If necessary, having the victim breathe into a paper bag to help restore carbon diozide to the body.

500

Should you apply ice to a venomous snake bite to help stop the swelling?

Do not apply ice to a snakebite. It will not help the injury and can damage the skin and tissue.

Wounds & Burns

100

What is a closed fracture?

A broken bone that does not cut through the skin.

200

What is a compound fracture?

A broken bone piercing the skin (fracture plus open wound).

300

Should you remove clothing from a third-degree burn victim? Why/why not?

No because the clothing may be sticking to the flesh.

400

What is 1 of 5 steps for first aid for broken bones?

1. Check & treat for "Hurry Cases" 2. Treat for shock. 3. Have the victim lie still where you found him. Make him as comfortable as possible. 4. Call for medical help. 5. If you must move the victim, splint the broken bone.

500

Why are thigh (femur) fractures especially dangerous?

Because the upper leg muscles are strong enough to pull the ends of a broken thighbone into the flesh which can cause serious internal bleeding. The "femural artery" can also be nicked by a moving broken bone. The patient should not be moved until a traction splint has been applied by trained personnel. A thigh fracture can pose a serious threat to the victim's life.

Weather Related First Aid

100

What is dehydration?

If a person gives off (breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) more water than he takes in, he is suffering from dehydration.

200

What is a sure sign of frostbite?

Grayish-white patches on the skin.

300

What is 1 of the ways to help a victim of hypothermia?

1. Take the victim into a shelter & get in warm, dry clothes. 2. Zip into dry sleeping bag or cover with blankets, coats. 3. Offer hot liquids (hot chocolate, soup). 4. Give water bottles filled with warm fluid to hold in the armpit and groin areas. 5. If possible, have the victim breate warm, moist air. 6. Be ready to provide other first aid, if necessary. 7. Seek medical attention for the victim.

400

Name 1 of the 5 steps to treating Heatstroke.

1. Move victim to cool, shady spot. 2. Cool any way you can: remove outher clothing & sponge w/cool water; cover w/wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc. 3. Keep victim lying down w/head & shoulders slightly raised. 4. Monitor victim closely. 5. Get emergency help right away.

500

Name 1 of the 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.

1. Pale, clammy skin 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Dizziness/fainting 5. Headache 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weakness