Bone & Joint
What does RICE stand for and what does each letter accomplish?
R - Rest
I - Ice
C - Compression
E- Elevate
Examples of where a traumatic injury may occur
Vehicle accidents, construction zones, shootings, kitchen accidents...
Treatment of ingesting poison
- May need to get stomach pumped and ingest charcoal
Causes
Fire, heat, chemical agents, radiation, and electricity
What temperatures does the body stop working?
104 degrees and 95 degrees Fahrenheit
What is the difference between a closed and open fracture? Any risks?
Closed - no break in the skin at site of injury
Open - bone pierces through the skin, major risk of infection
What are the ABCs and what can you do to fulfill each step
A - Alert 911
B - Bleeding, determine if injury is life threatening
C - Compression, pressure put on wound/packing
First aid for touching a poisonous substance
- Flush with water
- Using calamine / caladryl if redness or sores occur
What degree is a superficial burn and what layer of skin does it effect along with the S/S
First degree- epidermis, red, swollen, sensitive, dehydration
Put the following injuries in order of least to most deadly. (heat stroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion)
1. Heat Cramps
2. Heat Exhaustion
3. Heat Stroke
What is dislocation? What are the scenes? What is the first aid for it?
- When a bone is displaced from the joint
- S/S: Swelling, deformed, immobile, numbness, intense pain
- First aid: Splint, RICE
Describe proper procedure for packing.
1. Use sterile gloves and gauze (if available)
2. Begin stuffing the wound as deep as possible
3. Apply pressure until blood clots/stops
What shock can someone go into if posioned? What's the treatment?
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Epi Pen
How do you prevent infections of burns
- Keep dry, clean, cool, and covered
Treatment for hypothermia
Slow warming, dry off if wet, change into warm and dry clothes, may need warm IV fluid or warm oxygen
What is the difference between a Strain and Sprain?
A Strain involves injury of the tendons and Sprain involves injury of the ligaments?
Describe the proper procedure for applying a tourniquet.
1. Remove any bulky clothing
2. Apply tourniquet 2-3 inches above the wound
3. Tighten at much as possible/until bleeding stops regardless of victim's pain
4. Apply a second tourniquet below the previous one if bleeding does not stop
Treatment for ticks
1. remove tick with tweezers
2. wash area
3. apply antiseptic
4. watch for infection
What thickness is a second degree burn? What layer(s) of skin are effected? Effects?
- Epidermis is gone leaving the dermis exposed
- lots of pain, due to nerves being exposed, risk of infection
What is frostbite? Symptoms? Treatment?
Exposure to freezing or below temperatures, which freezes tissue and damages skin
S/S: redness and tingling
Treatment: slow warmth, take off jewelry, heat directly to skin, if skin breaks- dressings
What is fracture and what first aid skill(s) would you use to treat a victim of it? Explain how to complete it.
A fracture is a break in the bone
1. Splint
2. Sling
Scenario: You come a across victim with a GSW located on his abdomen on your routine walk, what steps should you take when providing first aid
1. Access the scene and call 911
2. Check the victims vitals (Pulse, respirations, and responsiveness)
3. Take off the victims clothes
4. Take your shirt and begin packing the wound
5. Hold pressure until EMS arrives
Treatment for snake or spider bites
1. watch wound
2. immobilize injured area
3. Monitor breathing
What degree is a full-thickness burn? Effects? Treatment?
- Third degree, dermis is completely gone, may feel numb because nerves are gone
- Debriding, slough
Differences in symptoms among heat stroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion?
Heat stroke - delirium/drunken-like, seizures, confusion
Heat exhaustion - Tired, dizzy, nausea, weakness
Heat cramps - muscle pain, spasms, and cramps