Basic First Aid
What are the 3 P's of First Aid?
Preserve life, Prevent further injury, & Promote Recovery
Name the major arteries that can cause rapid, fatal bleeding
aorta, carotid, brachial, & femoral arteries
What's the rule of 9's used for?
To estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by second and third degree burns
What does the acronym RICE stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Chest compression to rescue breath ratio in adults
30:2
What are the most common first aid needs?
Treatment of shock, seizures, burns, poisonings, fractures, and wounds.
How much pressure should you apply if someone is hemorrhaging?
As much pressure as it takes to minimize the bleeding!
First thing you should do if someone gets a minor burn on their hand?
Run the affected area under cool water
What classifies as an open wound?
Any break in the skin, whether from injury or a surgical incision
If someone is unresponsive, what pulse point should you check?
The carotid artery
What does XABC's stand for?
eXsanguination, Airway, Breathing, Circulation
If bleeding is still severe after applying pressure, what's the next step?
Apply a tourniquet
Double Points! What is one of the long term risks associated with severe burns?
Infection
What should you do when applying or changing a dressing?
Perform proper hand hygiene prior to donning sterile or nonsterile gloves
Name a rhythm that you cannot shock
Afib
What's the most important thing to do before entering a scene?
Ensure the scene is safe
What should you check after applying a tourniquet?
A distal pulse, and bleeding cessation
Why should you not apply ice onto burns?
It can cause blistering and further tissue damage
What are the four types of wound classification?
Abrasion, Incision, Laceration, Puncture
What is syncope & what are it's S&S
A brief episode of unconsciousness. S&S- Pale, perspiring, and complain of nausea or dizziness.
When should you seek additional emergency medical resources?
If the victim is unresponsive, Apneic, hemorrhaging, or has S&S of a heart attack or stroke
When does shock occur?
When blood loss is severe enough to reduce oxygen delivered by body tissues
Name the critical areas for burns
face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, and major joints
Double Points! What is a abdominal evisceration?
When internal abdominal organs protrude outside the body
Whats the difference between a sprain and a strain.
Sprains are caused by a stretched or torn ligament and a strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.