First Aid General
Name four things that should be in a first aid kit.
Bandaids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap, antiseptic, scissors, latex gloves, mouth-barrier device, eye protection, pencil & paper.
What kinds of blood flow from a wound could indicate a life-threatening bleed?
Spurting and/or steady and continuous.
Name 3 common signs of shock.
Ashy, pale, or gray skin.
Rapid breathing.
A rapid or weak heartbeat.
Nausea or vomitting.
Altered mental state.
An Epi-pen is used to treat which medical emergency?
Anaphylaxis.
What is the most important consideration when trauma to the neck or spine is suspected?
Maintaining patient position to avoid further damaging the spine.
A child is experiencing a medical emergency with their parent present, what is your first step after assessing scene safety?
Obtain consent for care from the parent. (If no parent is present consent is implied)
How far above wound should a tourniquet be applied?
2 inches or just above the joint if 2 inches would result in placement on a joint.
What does the acronym FAST, helpful in responding to potential stroke victims, stand for?
Face, Arms, Speech, & Time!
What is the first step in treating an asthma-attack?
Assist patient in administering quick-relief medication via inhaler.
Name four signs/symptoms of a concussion.
When giving first aid, what are two PPE items that help reduce risk of infection
Latex-free disposable gloves, face mask, eye protection
Approximately what volume of blood indicates a potentially life-threatening bleed in an adult?
Approximately half a soda can's worth (6 oz).
Once scene is assessed as safe, what is the first step before call or care when handling a responsive and fully awake patient?
Help patient into recovery position.
Name two ways of alleviating the effects of shock.
How do you treat a patient with heat stroke?
What does the acronym SAM stand for? [Hint] This acronym applies to patient interviews.
Signs & Symptoms, Allergies, and Medications and Medical conditions
What is your most effective technique for treating bleeds on a patient's head, neck, or trunk?
Applying direct pressure.
How should a fully responsive and awake patient experiencing sudden illness be positioned?
Recovery Position (on side with top knee bent and head on arm).
How do you provide care for a patient experiencing a heart attack while waiting for EMS to arrive?
Check that the patient is responsive, capable of following instructions, and can chew and swallow. Assist the patient in taking two to four 81-milligram low-dose aspirin tablets OR one 325-milligram regular-strength aspirin tablet. If they have a prescribed medication for chest pain such as nitroglycerin, help them take it.
What are are the steps to caring for a burn?
What is the Good Samaritan Law?
Laws that protect anyone from making a good faith effort the help the victim of an injury or illness. Whenever you are confronted with a first aid emergency, use the skills you have to the best of your ability. No one expects you to have the knowledge of a physician but you can use your training to help until professional medical attention is available.
A patient swerves to avoid a dog while riding her skateboard. She hits a garbage can and falls to the ground, landing on her right side and sliding several feet. When she tries to stand up, the dog, excited by the fall, lunges at her and bites her left leg then runs off. When you arrive she is sitting against the garbage can. Her leg is bleeding continuously from the bite, she has scrapes all along her right side and face, and she is holding her right arm close to her chest. After assessing scene safety, calling 911, and obtaining consent for care which injury should be your first priority for treatment?
Treat the potentially life-threatening bleed first. The broken arm and potential concussion should be noted and relayed to EMS providers but are not imminently life-threating.
A patient who is responsive but not fully awake should be placed in recovery position for what reason?
To lower risk of choking and aspiration.
In cases of suspected opioid overdose where a patient is unresponsive and not breathing what is your first step in care?
Begin CPR with compressions.
Follow up with naloxone administration if trained and available.
Name three kinds or conditions of burn that require IMMEDIATE medical attention.