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First Aid Basics
Hot, Cold, and Clammy
Watch out for that...
Broken and Bleeding
Crisis Mode
100
(Blank) is the first help given to the victim of an accident or injury and it's purpose is to stop life-threatening dangers, minimize injury and future disability, and to get proper medical help.
What is First Aid
100
Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the care of a victim with hypothermia? a) Get the victim indoors or put up a tent b) Remove wet clothing c) Put victim in a dry sleeping bag d) If hypothermia is advanced, the rescuer should strip down to underwear and provide skin to skin contact e) all of the above are appropriate care meaures
e) all of the above are appropriate care measures
100
INSECT! Describe 3 things to do in the care of a victim of a MILD insect bite or sting.
Possible answers: remove the stinger, remove the tick, wash the area with soap and water, apply a cool compress to area, move victim to an area safe from further bites/stings, give tylenol or ibuprofen for pain, give benadryl or other antihistamine, apply a topical cream, ointment, or lotion if available Bonus question (200pts): How do you remove a tick that has attached itself?
100
Which of the following are appropriate in the care of a victim of poisoning? a) identify the item and container if possible, and call poison control center or 911 b) if on skin or eyes, flush/irrigate the affected area with water for 20 mins c) treat the victim for shock and monitor breathing closely d) do NOT give anything by mouth unless advised to do so by a medical professional e) remove any remaining items from mouth f) all of the above are appropriate
What is f) all of the above Bonus (200pts): What is the poison control number? (1-800-222-1222)
100
Which of the following is appropriate in the care of someone who has fainted? a) lay person down flat with legs about 12 inches above the heart b) loosen belts, jewelry, or other constricting clothes or items c) check for signs of circulation, if absent then start CPR d) when they regain consciousness, don't let the victim get up too quickly e) all of the above are appropriate
What is e) all of the above
200
These 5 items are essential to a basic first aid kit.
What is adhesive bandages (band-aids), adhesive tape, sterile gauze pads (2x2 or larger), topical antibiotic/neosporin, latex gloves, steri-strips, mouth-to-mouth resuscitator mask, alcohol or other anti-septic wipes, tweezers, scissors, moleskin for blisters, cravat bandage, etc
200
Which of the following is NOT appropriate care of a victim of heat exhaustion or heat stroke? a) get victim to a cool, shady spot b) lay victim flat c) if heat exhaustion, loosen tight clothing, if heat stroke remove all unnecessary clothing (down to underwear) d) place cool, dripping wet clothes or towels over body and especially the head and fan skin e) place victim in cold water tub f) offer cool water to drink if able g) place ice bags on groin and armpits if in heat stroke
What is e) do not place victim in a body of water for unconsciousness or seizure may develop and cause further harm
200
SNAKE! Name two poisonous snakes found in Arizona.
What is rattlesnake (many varieties), sidewinders, and coral snake. Bonus question (200pts): how do you know if a coral snake is poisonous? red on yellow kills a fellow, red on black, friend of Jack
200
Describe four signs of a broken bone.
What is pain at or near the area, swelling, bruising, bending or shortening of normal anatomy, bones sticking out, pain with motion or not wanting to move the area, signs of shock.
200
Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the care of a choking victim? a) sweep mouth with a hooked finger to remove any food b) perform the Heimlich maneuver by stepping behind the victim, making a fist with one hand, grab with opposite hand and perform an inward and upward thrust c) normal position for your hands in the Heimlich maneuver is just above the navel d) you may repeat the Heimlich maneuver up to 5 times e) you may try up to 5 back blows between the shoulders if no success with the Heimlich and then repeat the cycle f) for an obese or pregnant victim, perform abdominal thrusts while victim is laying with hands just below the ribs up to 8 times g) all of the above are appropriate care for the choking victim
What is g) all of the above Bonus (200pts) properly demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver on a teammate.
300
Name 4 essential steps when treating an accident victim.
Answers: stay calm yourself, immediately treat life threatening cases (choking, stopped breathing, severe bleeding, stopped heartbeat), send for help, treat every victim for shock, examine the victim for other injuries that may require first aid
300
Which of the following is false concerning the treatment of a victim in shock? a) lay the victim down b) do not elevate legs c) if victim starts to vomit, turn them on their side d) maintain normal body temperature (shade if hot, blankets if cold) e) loosen tight clothing
b) do not elevate legs, if no suspected leg fracture you should elevate about 10-12 inches
300
BURN! Which of the following is appropriate in the care of a burn? a) break any blisters that have formed to facilitate healing b) for all burns, apply over the counter burn creams, lotions, or sprays if available c) for second or third degree burns, apply a tight bandage to avoid further damage d) remove any clothing that is sticking to the wound to avoid contamination e) immerse large burns in cold water f) all of the above are NOT appropriate in the care of burns
What is f) these are all DO NOT's What you should do is wrap burn in a cool, moist, clean, loose fitting bandage; remove tight fitting jewelry, belts, etc; for minor burns, it is okay to immerse in cool (not cold) water for 15 mins; if a second degree burn is greater than 3 inches, treat as a major burn, all major burns require immediate medical attention; minor burns are okay to use OTC products
300
Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the care of a victim with severe bleeding? a) cover the wound with a pad (gauze pad, cravat, bandanna, shirt, cloth, maxi-pad, etc) and hold firm pressure b) raise the affected area above heart level if possible c) if the pad becomes saturated in blood, remove and replace rapidly with another pad d) when bleeding has stopped, tie the pad firmly in place e) if blood is spurting out, then likely an artery has been cut and you should apply pressure above the wound at certain pressure points f) all of the above are appropriate
What is c) don't remove pad even if saturated, add an additional pad on top and continue to hold pressure Bonus (300pts): demonstrate the appropriate pressure points for arms and legs
300
Describe the initial steps of emergency evaluation of an unresponsive victim.
What is CAB (circulation, airway, breathing), after calling for help first. This used to be ABC (airway, breathing, circulation). Check for pulse, check the airway, and check for spontaneous breathing. If no pulse, start chest compressions. If airway is blocked, clear with the heimlich. If has circulation, but no spontaneous breathing, start rescue breathing.
400
Also known as a triangular bandage, this bandage can be folded in many different ways to be used in various first aid settings
What is a cravat bandage?
400
Name 4 signs of someone who is in shock.
Possible answers: cool, moist (clammy) skin, changes in behavior (confused, anxious, agitated), pale or ashen skin color, rapid breathing (or very slow), rapid pulse (or very slow), weakness in arms or legs, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, enlarged pupils, etc
400
SNAKE! Which of the following is appropriate in the care of a snake bite victim? a) Have victim lay down and raise affected above the rest of the body b) hunt down the snake (capture or kill) to bring in for identification to use the proper antivenom c) Allow the bite to bleed freely for 15 – 30 seconds before cleansing. Clean the wound, but don’t flush with water. Cover it with a clean, dry dressing. d) cut open wound and try to irrigate and remove the venom e) if you do not have a snake bite kit, suck out venom using your mouth
What is C) allow the bite to bleed freely for up to 30 seconds...also lay patient down, remove any tight jewelry or clothing in the area, call for help, and treat for shock, constricting bands above the wound are a little bit controversial, if you do make it loose
400
Which of the following is NOT correct in the care of a victim with a fractured bone? a) the danger of handling fractures is that a closed fracture may develop into an open fracture if not properly handled b) Let the victim lay with as little as motion as possible right where you found her c) Put direct pressure on any bleeding from an open fracture d) do NOT try to move patient into a car or vehicle to bring to nearest medical help e) if you have to move patient from danger, make sure to support the broken limb by making it immovable in a splint f) all of the above are correct
What is c) use pressure points above fracture
400
Describe and Demonstrate proper Rescue Breathing position and technique.
What is lay flat, tilt head back, lift chin up with one hand, hold down forehead and close nostrils with the other then deliver rescue breathes, 1 breath every 5-6 seconds, check for pulse every 2 mins.
500
Demonstrate/explain four possible uses of a cravat bandage.
Possible answers: trauma pad to absorb blood and help stop bleeding, a sling for an injured arm, help support a sprained ankle or wrist like an ACE wrap, used as a tie to help immobilize a broken leg, to help cover a head wound, used to wrap around another cravat to help keep a trauma pad in place, etc
500
Name 3 similarities and and 3 differences between the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke
Similarities: nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, muscle cramps, elevated body temperature Differences: heat stroke victims typically has a temperature greater than 104; very small pupils in heat stroke, dilated pupils in heat exhaustion; heat stroke may include confusion, agitation, lethargy, stupor, seizures, or unconciousness; heat stroke is a life threatening emergency; pale clammy face in heat exhaustion, and red, hot and often dry face in heat stroke
500
INSECT! For the care of SEVERE insect/spider bite/stings, which of the following is NOT appropriate? a) Call for help b) If anaphylaxis is suspected, give the victim a dose of a epipen (auto-injector) into the victim's thigh c) if suspected poisonous bite, tie a constricting band above the bite, tight enough that you can't put a finger underneath d) loosen tight clothing e) Don't give the victim anything to drink or eat f) keep the affected area below the level of the heart g) treat for shock and monitor for stopped breathing or respiratory compromise
What is c) constricting bands should be only tight enough to slow blood flow, and you should be able to easily put a finger under the band
500
Demonstrate 4 methods for transporting someone who is injured.
What is walking assist, one person carry (piggyback), two person assist (arms behind back and under thighs and lift), four handed seat carry, blanket carry (drag), and stretcher Bonus (300 pts): name 3 items you could use as a make shift stretcher (door, gate, short ladder, sheet of stiff plywood, tree branches/sticks with shirts/blankets, etc)
500
Which of the following is INCORRECT in regards to performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation? a) chest compressions should be started immediately on any victim without a pulse b) chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100 compressions per minute or to the tune of "Staying Alive" c) it is acceptable to perform 30 chest compressions then give 2 rescue breathes then repeat d) it is also acceptable to only perform chest compressions until professional help arrives e) check for a pulse every 2 minutes f) if an AED is available and arrives, stop chest compressions and set up the AED and follow the instructions
What is f) do not stop chest compressions until after the AED is set up, activated, and it instructs you to stand clear Bonus (400pts): correctly demonstrate chest compressions