Aquatics
Scenario: You are sitting on a dock with your friends when suddenly your friend Ethan who cannot swim falls in. Brainstorm 4 things you could find at the beach that you could use to throw or reach safely to him
Umbrella, driftwood, cooler, flotation device, rope, pool noodle, etc.
Name the three main body cavities
Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
What maneuver do we use to clear the airway of spinal patients?
Jaw thrust maneuver
What is a medication that is commonly recommended to take in the early stages of a heart attack?
Aspirin (ASA)
While calling 911, following the ISBAR guideline (introduction, situation, background, actions taken, recommendations?) is a good idea. Give an example of a call to 911 using ISBAR.
I can't see into the future but I'm sure you did great
What modification to CPR must be done for drowning resuscitation?
Begin with 2 breaths instead of 30 compressions
How many layers of skin are there? Name them
Three: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)
Arteries carry oxygenated blood that is travelling from the heart, so blood will rapidly pulse out. Blood will be bright red.
Veins carry deoxygenated blood. The blood will run out of the wound at a steady rate, and will be dark red to purple in colour.
What steps can be taken during a seizure to reduce the chance of injury?
Moving objects away from the patient or putting a blanket between them and the objects, removing a patient’s eyeglasses, placing padding (blanket, soft clothing, etc.) under the patient’s head if safe to do so. Don’t restrain the patient, and NEVER put anything in their mouth.
O - Onset, P - Provoke/relief, Q - Quality
R - Radiate, S - Severity, T - Timing
Name 3 scanning patterns used in pools
Starburst, arcing, zig-zag
Describe ‘anatomical position’, 'supine position', 'prone position'.
AP: Patient stands, arms down at the side, palms facing you.
SP: Patient lying face up on their back.
PP: The patient is lying face down on their stomach.
How should you approach a patient who is lying down with a possible spinal injury?
Approach from their head (not their feet!) and ask them to remain as still as possible. Speak with a calm but firm voice. If appropriate, ask them to focus on an object in their field of vision to prevent them from moving their head.
What medications can we administer to a person as a first aider, when they cannot administer it themselves?
Autoinjectors, Asthma inhalers and spacers, and Naloxone
During our examinations, we often look for DOTS. What does DOTS stand for?
Deformities, Open injuries, Tenderness, Swelling
Name 5 possible water entries lifeguards should use in emergency situations
Wading/Running, Slip-In, Stride Jump, Head-Up Dive, Shallow Dive, Compact Jump, or Modified Compact Jump
What is the name of the pulse point felt on the inside of the arm, between the elbow and the shoulder?
The brachial pulse point
Name three ways to transport a patient without specialized equipment
Walking assist, two-person seat carry, blanket drag, clothes drag, extremity lift.
What is hypoxia? How do we know if a patient is hypoxic?
Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood. We can tell if a patient is hypoxic based on their oxygen saturation reading; if it’s below 95%, the patient is hypoxic.
How do you measure an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
The adjunct should extend from the corner of the lip to the tip of the earlobe, or from the centre of the mouth to the angle of the jaw
Name 5 ways you can help self-rescue in a cold water scenario, assuming there are no surfaces to remove you from the water nearby (i.e. land, ice, capsized boat, etc.)
Only remove clothing that threatens your survival (i.e. weighing you down, etc.), do not use motionless floatation positions if you do not have a PDF, make more difficult maneuvers earlier, huddle together with others for warmth, hug yourself to maintain as much warmth as possible, etc.
BONUS: name of this position?
Which chamber of the heart does blood leave to first enter the arteries?
The left ventricle
What is the difference between pneumothorax and hemothorax?
Pneumothorax: Air from a wound site enters the chest cavity but not the lungs.
Hemothorax: The pleural space fills with blood, putting pressure on the heart and lungs.
The lungs cannot expand properly in either condition.
What are the six rights of giving medication?
Right person, right time, right route, right dosage, right medication, right documentation
What is APGAR scoring used for?
Bonus #1: What is the best score possible?
Bonus #2: When is it measured?
Evaluating the health of newborn infants
Bonus #1: 0-10
Bonus #2: 1 and 5 minutes post delivery