Vocabulary
An injury that gives a feeling of discomfort caused by exposure to heat, flame, chemical agents, radiation, or electricity.
What is a Burn?
Call 911 or ask someone else to.
What is the first step to CPR?
Nuts and seeds
Hot dogs and sausages
Chunks of meat or cheese
Chunks of fruit (such as apples) and whole
grapes
Raw vegetables (such as carrots and celery)
Popcorn
Peanut butter
What are the most common food to choke on?
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.
What is a heart attack?
If the person responds (such as by moving, opening his or her eyes or moaning) and is breathing normally, the person is responsive, but may not be fully awake. If the person is not fully awake but appears to be breathing normally, send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an automated external defibrillator (AED) and first aid kit. Gather more information by interviewing bystanders (using SAMPLE as a guide) and doing a head-to-toe check. Then roll the person onto his or her side into the recovery position
What if the person is responsive?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). First aid procedure that combines rescue breathing and chest compressions to supply oxygen to the body
What is CPR?
Lay the person on their back and open their airway.
What is the second step in CPR?
A person who is choking typically has a panicked, confused or surprised facial expression. Some people may place one or both hands on their throat. The person may cough (either forcefully or weakly), or he or she may not be able to cough at all.
What is a sign of someone chokeing?
Occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.
What is a cardiac arrest?
If the person does not respond in any way and is not breathing or is only gasping, assume cardiac arrest. Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to get an AED and first aid kit. Make sure the person is lying face-up on a firm, flat surface, such as the ground or floor. Immediately begin CPR (starting with compressions) and use an AED as soon as possible if you are trained in these skills.
What if the person is unresponsive?
A small, portable computerized device that allows a minimally trained bystander to provide defibrillation much faster than EMS.
What is an AED?
Check for breathing. If they are not breathing, start CPR.
What is the third step in CPR?
To give back blows, position yourself to the side and slightly behind the person. For a child, you may need to kneel. Place one arm diagonally across the person’s chest (to provide support) and bend the person forward at the waist so that the person’s upper body is as close to parallel to the ground as possible. Firmly strike the person between the shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand. Each back blow should be separate from the others.
What is a back blow?
V-fib and V-tach can be corrected by an electrical shock delivered by an AED. This shock disrupts the heart’s electrical activity long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own. Starting CPR immediately and using an AED as soon as possible gives the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest,
What is an AED?
5-10 seconds
What is time to check if someone is responsive and breathing?
Heat stroke or heatstroke, also known as sun-stroke, is a severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 40.0 °C, along with red skin, headache, dizziness, and confusion. Sweating is generally present in exertional heatstroke, but not in classic heatstroke.
What is a heatstroke?
Perform 30 chest compression then perform two rescue breaths.
What is the fourth step in CPR?
To give abdominal thrusts, stand behind the person, with one foot in front of the other for balance and stability. If possible, place your front foot between the person’s feet. Wrap your arms around the person’s waist. Alternatively, if the person is a child, you can kneel behind the child, wrapping your arms around the child’s waist. Find the person’s navel by placing one finger on the person’s navel, and the adjacent finger above the first. Make a fist with your other hand and place the thumb side just above your fingers. Cover your fist with your other hand and give quick, inward and upward thrusts into the person’s abdomen. Each abdominal thrust should be separate from the others.
What is abdominal thrusts?
Remember, when you are giving CPR, you want to give high-quality compressions at the appropriate depth and rate. You also want to minimize interruptions to chest compressions. If you are the only trained responder at the scene, you will begin to tire as you give CPR, and the quality of your compressions will diminish. You will also need to stop CPR to ready the AED for use when it arrives, which means that during that time, there is no oxygenated blood moving through the person’s body. Working as a team can lead to a better chance of survival for the person in cardiac arrest, by reducing responder fatigue and minimizing interruptions to chest compressions. Trained responders can share the responsibility for giving compressions, switching off every 2 minutes, which reduces fatigue and leads to better-quality compressions. Having two or more trained responders at the scene also minimizes interruptions to chest compressions when the AED arrives.
What is working as a team?
EMS
What is emergency medical services?
Frostbite is a skin injury that occurs when exposed to extremely low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues, commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas. Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet.
What is frostbite?
Repeat until an ambulance or automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives.
What is the fifth step in CPR?
The person is too large for you to wrap your arms around to give abdominal thrusts.
The person is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant.
The person is in a wheelchair.
You are alone and choking.
What are special situations while chocking?
Chest pain, which can range from mild to unbearable. The person may complain of pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back. It is not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication. It may be difficult to distinguish the pain of a heart attack from the pain of indigestion, heartburn or a muscle spasm.
Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach
Dizziness or light-headedness
Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal
Nausea or vomiting
Pale, ashen (gray) or slightly bluish skin, especially around the face and fingers
Sweating
A feeling of anxiety or impending doom
Extreme fatigue (tiredness)
Unresponsiveness
What is symptoms of a heart attack?
Unusual sounds, odors, sights, behaviors
What are the sights of an emergency?