Breathing Problems
Choking Adults and Children
Allergic Reactions and Seizure
Heart Attack and Fainting
Low Blood pressure and Stroke
100
Name some signs of breathing problems
- Person is breathing very fast or slow
- Breathing is noisy
- Difficulty speaking
100
What is the universal sign for choking?
100
What are signs of a mild allergic reaction?
- Stuffy nose
- Sneezing
- Itching around skin and eyes
- Hives
100
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
Heart attack - occurs when clot blocks blood flow
Cardiac arrest - occurs when heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly
100
Signs of low blood pressure
- Irritation or confusion
- Person is hungry or weak
- Tiredness
- Sweat
200
What should you do if you encounter a person with breathing problems?
Ask person if they need help. If the response is "yes" ask if they carry medicine with them and assist in using it.
200
How can you identify if a person has a mild or severe airway block?
Mild - individual is able to talk and cough loudly, as well as make sounds
Severe - individual is unable to talk, cough, or make sounds
200
What are the 2 types of Epinephrine pens?
1. Spring activated
2 Electronic
200
What are some signs of a heart attack (brief)
- Discomfort in chest
- Discomfort in arms, neck, jaw, back, shoulders, and stomach
- Shortness of breath
- Cold sweat
- Nausea or lightheadedness
200
What is a stroke?
Occurs when blood stops flowing to a part of the brain. Can happen if a blood vessel to the brain is blocked or leaks.
300
What are the components of an inhaler?
- Medicine canister
- Mouthpiece
- Spacer
300
What should you do if you identified an individual has a severe airway block (child or adult)
Begin with 5 abdominal thrusts above the navel (also called the Heimlich maneuver). If the object isn’t dislodged, perform 5 back blows between the shoulder blades.
Alternate between the two until the object is dislodged or the person becomes unresponsive.
300
What are the signs of a seizure?
- Loss of muscle control
- Falling to the ground
- Stop responding
- Jerking movements of arms and legs
- Becoming unresponsive with glassy eye stare
300
What factors may result in a person fainting?
- Person has a heart condition
- Standing without moving for a long time (especially when hot)
- Standing suddenly after squatting or bending down
- Receiving bad news
300
What to do if person shows signs of low blood sugar?
If they can sit up and swallow: give them something to eat containing sugar to restore their glucose levels and have them sit or lie down
If they cannot sit up and swallow: call 911 and do not give them anything to eat or drink
400
If you encounter a person with breathing problems, what possible scenarios would require you to dial 911? Name at least 2
- If the individual does not carry medicine
- If the individual does not get better or gets worse after taking medicine
- If the individual has trouble speaking
- If the individual becomes unresponsive
400
What should you do if a choking person becomes unresponsive?
Call 911, then begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. Check the mouth for the object between compressions and give rescue breaths.
400
What are actions to take during and after a seizure?
During: move furniture and objects away, place something soft under their head, NEVER HOLD THE PERSON DOWN OR PLACE SOMETHING IN THEIR MOUTH
After: check to see if they are responsive and breathing, if person has trouble breathing because of vomiting or having fluids in their mouth roll them on their side, if they become unresponsive or have trouble breathing, perform CPR
400
What can you do to prevent someone from fainting?
- Help them lie down on the floor
- Don't let them get up too quickly
- If they're sitting, put their head between their knees
- Have them lower their body into a squatting position and have them tense their abdominal muscles
400
What are the warning signs of a stroke? (F.A.S.T)
F: Face drooping – One side of the face may droop.
A: Arm weakness – One arm may drift downward.
S: Speech difficulty – Slurred or hard to understand speech.
T: Time to call 911 – Act fast, call 911 immediately.
500
What are the proper steps to using an inhaler
1. Remove cap and shake well
2. Have the person exhale
3. Place the mouth piece inside their mouth
4. Have the individual breath in slowly and as deeply as possible for five seconds
5. Count to 10 to allow medicine to reach their airway
6. Repeat steps for the second puff
7. Replace cap on the inhaler
500
How to perform the Heimlich maneuver?
1. Ask the person if they are choking and are in need of assistance
2. If person nods yes, begin by standing or kneeling behind them (depends on their size)
3. Wrap your arms around them (if the individual is pregnant or very large, give chest thrusts instead)
4. Make a fist with one hand, place the thumb of the fist above the navel and below the breastbone)
5. Grab first with other hand and give quick upward thrusts into the abdomen
6. Perform the thrusts until the object is forced out or until person becomes unresponsive
500
How to use an Epi pen
1. Hold pen without touching either end
2. Remove the safety cap
3. Pull out pen
4. Rub the injection spot for 10 seconds and inject the pen
5. Note the time, of the person does not show signs of improvement, call 911
6. If emergency services takes longer than 10 min to arrive, administer a second dosage
7. Give the pen used to an emergency responder for proper disposal
500
What to do if a person has fainted?
1. Ensure individual is on their back
2. Make sure they're breathing and have no injuries
3. If they remain unresponsive for more than one minute, call 911
4. If you suspect a head, neck, or spine injury, refrain from moving them
5. If the person begins responding, ask them to continue lying down until they feel they can sit up
500
Actions to take for a stroke
- Call 911 and get an AED kit
- Note the time when stroke first appears
- Remain with person until someone with more training comes and takes over
- If person becomes unresponsive and isn't breathing normally or is gasping for air, begin CPR