General First Aid
Name at least 4 things you should have in your personal first aid kit
Bandaids, sterile gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap, antiseptic, scissors, latex gloves, mouth-barrier device, eye protection, pencil & paper.
What are the 4 things you look for when doing a "quick assessment" of an injured person?
1. Is he breathing? 2. Is his heart breathing? 3. Is there severe bleeding? 4. Is there evidence of poisoning?
True or False: when someone is stung by a bee or wasp, you should squeeze the wound to get the stinger out.
False. Squeezing will force more venom into the skin from the sac attached to the stinger. Use the edge of a knife blade to scrape away the stinger.
What is a closed fracture?
A broken bone that does not cut through the skin.
What is dehydration?
If a person gives off (breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) more water than he takes in, he is suffering from dehydration.
What is the one thing you should treat every accident victim for?
Shock
What is the first step in First Aid for stopped breathing?
Open the airway. Place victim on back. Clear tongue from airway by pressing on forehead and lifting chin to tilt head back. Check mouth for gum, food, or other obstructions. Remove any obstructions by sweeping them out with your index finger.
How do you remove a tick?
Grasp the tick with tweezers close to the skin. Gently pull until it comes loose. Wash the wound carefully with soap and water, and apply antiseptic.
What is a compound fracture?
A broken bone piercing the skin (fracture plus open wound).
What is a sure sign of frostbite?
Grayish-white patches on the skin.
What are Hurry Cases?
Hurry cases are conditions that threaten a victim's life: - stopped breathing - no heartbeat - severe breathing - internal poisoning
Should you perform the Heimlich Maneuver on a choking victim who is coughing?
No. The Heimlich Maneuver (and abdomen thrusts) should only be performed on victims who cannot speak, cough, or breathe.
What first aid do you apply for NON-POINSONOUS snake bites?
Scrup with soap and water. Apply antiseptic. Non-venomous snakes bites only cause minor puncture wounds.
Should you remove clothing from a third-degree burn victim? Why/why not?
No because the clothing may be sticking to the flesh.
What are 3 of the ways to help a victim of hypothermia?
1. Take the victim into a shelter & get in warm, dry clothes. 2. Zip into dry sleeping bag or cover with blankets, coats. 3. Offer hot liquids (hot chocolate, soup). 4. Give water bottles filled with warm fluid to hold in the armpit and groin areas. 5. If possible, have the victim breate warm, moist air. 6. Be ready to provide other first aid, if necessary. 7. Seek medical attention for the victim.
Should you ever move an accident victim with serious injuries before help arrives?
Yes, if the victim is in immediate danger: for example, out of a river or in the path of a fire.
What is the best way to try to stop severe bleeding?
Direct pressure.
How do you treat hyperventilation?
1. Talk quietly to victim and encourage him to calm down and breathe slowly. 2. If necessary, having the victim breathe into a paper bag to help restore carbon diozide to the body.
What are the 5 steps for first aid for broken bones?
1. Check & treat for "Hurry Cases" 2. Treat for shock. 3. Have the victim lie still where you found him. Make him as comfortable as possible. 4. Call for medical help. 5. If you must move the victim, splint the broken bone.
Name 5 steps to treating Heatstroke.
1. Move victim to cool, shady spot. 2. Cool any way you can: remove outher clothing & sponge w/cool water; cover w/wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc. 3. Keep victim lying down w/head & shoulders slightly raised. 4. Monitor victim closely. 5. Get emergency help right away.
What is the "Good Samaritan Law"?
Laws that protect anyone from making a good faith effort the help the victim of an injury or illness.
What are the 5 common signs of heart attack?
1. Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The feeling may spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck. It isn't always severe. 2. Unusual sweating - for instance, even is a room is cool. 3. Nausea - usually first sign for women! 4. Shortness of breath. 5. A feeling of weakness.
Should you apply ice to a venomous snake bite to help stop the swelling?
Do not apply ice to a snakebite. It will not help the injury and can damage the skin and tissue.
Why are thigh (femur) fractures especially dangerous?
Because the upper leg muscles are strong enough to pull the ends of a broken thighbone into the flesh which can cause serious internal bleeding.
Name 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.
1. Pale, clammy skin 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Dizziness/fainting 5. Headache 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weakness