Acronyms
What are the 4 H's?
- Hands
- Hazards
- Hello
- Help
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for CPR?
30 : 2
How do you care for a broken bone?
Splint it and go to hospital
Demonstrate a carry with one rescuer
- Piggy back
- Fireman's carry
- Human crutch
- Cradle carry
Give two emergency numbers you can call
- 112
- 10111
- 107
- 10177
What does ESM stand for?
Emergency Scene Management
What is the rate of compressions?
100 - 120 bpm
What is a dislocation?
When the bone ends in a joint are no longer together
Demonstrate a carry with two rescuers
- 2-handed, 3-handed, 4-handed carry
- Extremity carry (front and back)
What does 'triage' mean?
It's the process of prioritising multiple patients
- RED = immediate care
- ORANGE = critical care
- YELLOW = urgent care
- GREEN = delayed care
- BLUE = dead
What are the three P's of first aid?
- Preserve life
- Prevent further injury
- Promote recovery
[* Prevention]
What is the depth of compressions we aim for?
1/3 of the depth of the chest
Give examples of a rigid, soft and self splint
- Rigid: something strong, but doesn't bend
- Soft: something soft but supportive (e.g. a pillow)
- Self: another body part (e.g. a finger)
When do we use a drag instead of a carry? (give 2 instances)
- When the person in unconscious and cannot assist in keeping themself up
- When they are heavier than you
- In a fire to keep them low
- When you want to keep the spine as straight as possible (but ONLY in an extreme emergency if you suspect spinal injury)
Give two examples of vital signs (including their normal values)
- Level of consciousness (alert)
- Breathing (12-20 per minute)
- Pulse/heart rate (60-100 bpm)
- Temperature (37oC)
What does DOTS stand for?
- Deformities
- Open wounds
- Tenderness
- Swelling
What are the key differences between doing CPR on an adult, a child and an infant?
Use two hands for an adult
Use one hand for a child
Use two thumbs for an infant
What does RICE stand for?
- Rest
- Ice
- Compression
- Elevation
When would you use a 3-handed seat instead of a 4-handed seat?
- For a patient that needs support behind their back
- To have a hand free to be able to support an injured limb
What information should you give a dispatcher on an emergency call?
- Your name
- A number they can call back on
- Location (as accurate as possible, don't forget to mention the province and town)
- What happened
- How many people are involved
- Conditions/injuries
- What has been done
What does SAMPLE stand for?
- Signs & Symptoms
- Allergies
- Medications
- Past medical history
- Last intake & output
- Events leading up
When can you stop CPR? (give four instances)
- EMS takes over
- The patient shows signs of life
- You are physically exhausted
- You are physically at risk
What are the key principles for splinting? (name 3)
- Stabilise & immobilise
- Splint in the position found
- Splints should extend from the joint above to the joint below
- Splints should be BUFF (big, ugly, fat and fluffy)
Give three examples of 'immediate danger' that would mean you have to move a patient.
- Fire
- Hazardous materials
- If it's impossible to protect from a hazard
- To assess other patients that need lifesaving care
What is the most important thing to remember in first aid?
Your safety is the most important - if you don't make sure the scene is safe, you can be injured/incapacitated and won't be able to help. In fact, you'd end up making the situation worse by adding to the number of people needing help.
Phoning emergency services IS helping. If that is all that is safe to do, do that and wait for the experts to arrive.