Hormones
What is the function of calcitonin AND what hormone is an antagonist to it?
Decreases blood calcium levels, the antagonist hormone is PTH
What is it called when G proteins lock in an activated state?
Cholera toxin
What are all blood cells created from? AND What specifically are red blood cells from?
Red bone marrow
Erythropoiesis (EPO)
Cells up regulate receptors
What two hormones are only produced from the posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
What is the mnemonic that we use to remember the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland? (can you name all of them??)
T- TSH
P- PRL
F-FSH
L-LH
A-ACTH
G-GH
Hyposecretion of hGH in childhood is called what?
Hypopituitary dwarfism
A hematocrit is the % of blood occupied by what?
Red blood cells
What is the formation of glycogen from glucose? AND what is the breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids?
Glycogenesis and Lipolysis
What is the major mineralcorticoid?
Aldosterone
Is there more water or lipid soluble hormones? AND, name 3 lipid soluble hormones and 2 water soluble hormones!
There are more water soluble
Lipid: Aldostrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Cortisol
Water: Melatonin, Epinephrine, Oxytocin, Calcitonin, Parathyroid, Insulin, Glucagon
What is it called when there is an enlarged thyroid?What is another name for hypothyroidism?
Goiter
Grave's disease
What is the order from high to low of leukocytes within the body?
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Where are antigens vs. antibodies found?
Antigens- on the cell
Antibodies- within the body, your body creates these
In the RAA pathway, what two things combine to create Angiotensin I?
Angiotensinogen and Renin
What things (3 at least) simulate GHRH secretion?
Age, time of day, low blood sugar, and it is altered by stress
This clinical application has a decrease oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, and causes anemia, ischemia, and infarction
Sickle cell anemia
What is an uncontrolled production of immature leukocytes?
Acute leukemia
What is agglutination?
When antibodies bind with antigens and clump together (can lead to death)
What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?
hypophyseal portal system
What is the function of cortisol? (many options)
Helps regulate metabolism, protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, resistance to stress, anti-inflammatory
What is polycythemia and what does it cause?
The overproduction of red blood cells and causes an increase in blood viscosity which forces the heart to work harder
What are the 3 steps to hemostasis (blood clotting)
1. Vascular spasms (vasoconstriction)
2. Platelet Plug formation (primary hemostasis)
3. Coagulation (secondary hemostasis)
What is thrombopoiesis?
The formation of platelets from megakaryocytes
Alpha- glucagon
Beta- insulin