Stages of Language Acquisition
What is the term for the earliest stage of language where infants produce vowel-like sounds?
Cooing stage
What is the term for extending a word’s meaning, such as calling all round objects "ball"?
Overextension
At what stage do children typically begin using the plural marker "-s," sometimes overgeneralizing it to irregular forms?
After the telegraphic stage (around 2.5 years)
What kind of vocabulary do caregivers often use, such as “tummy” for stomach or “choo-choo” for train?
Baby talk (or simplified words)
What stage involves repetitive sound combinations like "ba-ba-ba" or "da-da-da"?
Babbling stage
What feature of child language involves applying a rule too broadly, like saying "foots" instead of "feet"?
Overgeneralization
What kind of errors occur when children add "-ed" to irregular verbs, like "goed" or "comed"?
Overgeneralization of past tense forms
What feature of caregiver speech involves exaggerated intonation and slower tempo?
Exaggerated intonation
What is the stage where children use single words to represent entire sentences?
One-word stage (or holophrastic stage)
What is the simplified speech style used by caregivers to interact with infants called?
Caregiver speech (or child-directed speech)
What is the first auxiliary verb children typically use in questions?
Can (as in “Can I go?”)
What is a common interaction strategy where caregivers treat a child’s babbling as meaningful turns in a conversation?
Turn-taking
What stage occurs when children combine two words, such as "want cookie"?
Two-word stage
What kind of input is crucial for a child to acquire language effectively?
Interaction with other language users
What is the first grammatical marker to appear in children's language development?
The present participle "-ing"
Why does caregiver speech often include a lot of repetition?
To provide clues to the child about structural organization in language
What stage involves short sentences with correct word order but missing grammatical markers, like "doggie go home"?
Telegraphic speech
What is the term that describes how a child learns a particular language through interaction in a language-using environment, rather than inheriting it genetically?
Cultural transmission.
During what stage do children begin to consistently use negatives like "don’t" and "can’t"?
Stage 2 of forming negatives
How does caregiver speech change as the child’s language develops?
It becomes more elaborate as the child begins using more language.