Period 1
The Spanish labor system that required Natives be converted to Catholicism in exchange for their enslavement
What is the encomienda system?
A philosophical movement originating in Europe that expressed ideas of reason and science and sparked new thoughts in the British colonies
What is the Enlightenment?
Colonists in this area were mostly Congregationalists (Puritans) or Presbyterians.
What is New England
This year marked the first permanent settlement at Jamestown
What is 1607
This was the line drawn by the Pope dividing new territories for Spain and Portugal
What is the Line of Demarcation?
The Spanish priest who criticized the encomienda system and recommended slave labor be shifted to Africans
Who is Bartolome de Las Casas?
The 1676 event led by frontier farmers who were upset by the policies of Jamestown's governor; ultimately led to a shift toward slavery
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This colony was founded by a group called the Puritans who thought the Church of England could be reformed
What is Massachusetts Bay Colony
What is 1492?
This was the transfer of plants, animals, germs across the Atlantic.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Native American fixed agricultural settlement that centered around mound building and was located in present-day St. Louis, Missouri
What is Cahokia?
A governing document for Plymouth Colony signed by 41 men; the first agreement for self-government in America
What is the Mayflower Compact?
A small number of large landholders dominated the economy in these colonies, utilizing slave labor on cash crops like tobacco and rice
What are the Southern Colonies
This year marked the arrival of the first enslaved Africans to the Colonies
What is 1619?
Merchant ships regularly followed a 3 part route known as
What is triangular trade?
The Native American tribe located in present-day NM and AZ that built pueblos, used irrigation, and traded arrowheads
What is the Anasazi tribe?
Ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotional religious tradition pioneered by George Whitefield during the Great Awakening.
Who are the New Lights?
These colonies were fairly democratic, but wealthy landowners still held the majority of power
What are the Middle Colonies
Metacom's war lasted for a year between these dates
What is 1675-1676?
This was the first colonial statute that granted religious freedom to all Christians
What was the Act of Toleration?
Anti-Spanish propaganda that believed Spaniards are uniquely evil in their approach to colonization
What is the Black Legend?
Laws that required colonists to ship certain products exclusively to England
What were the Navigation Acts?
Slavery, while it existed in all 3 regions, took the greatest hold here because of the need for farm labor.
What are the Southern colonies
Various Pueblo tribes revolted against the Spanish in this year
What is 1680?
The debate over the treatment of Native Americans in Spain was known as this.
What is the Valladolid debate?