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Geologic trenches formed when crack or faults occur in the Earth’s crust
What are Rift Valleys?
The way that people own, occupy and use land
What is Land Tenure?
The wide-ranging and comprehensive field of geography that studies spatial aspects of human cultures
What is Cultural Geography?
The Tigris-Euphrates Plain of present-day Iraq; literally "land amidst the rivers"
What is Mesopotamia?
The belief that political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state.
What is Domino Effect?
Source area or innovation center from which cultural traditions are transmitted
What is Culture Hearth?
A doctrine within Islam, translated holy war
What is Jihad?
The international conclave which superimposed on Africa a system of political boundaries
What is the Berlin Conference?
The more modern Egyptian irrigation technique, using dams and levees to store and regulate water
What is Perennial Irrigation?
The outward spreading of a culture trait from its hearth to other places
What is Cultural Diffusion?
An arc stretching from the eastern Mediterranean coast to near the Persian Gulf
What is Fertile Crescent?
The total activities of a country’s legal economy that is taxed and monitored by the government.
What is Formal Sector?
The Afrikaans term for S. Africa’s pre-1994 policies of racial separation
What is Apartheid?
Civilizations able to control irrigated farming over large hinterlands
What is Hydraulic Civilization Theory?
The descendants of the original Dutch colonists of S. Africa
What are Afrikaners?
The spreading or dissemination of a phenomenon across space and through time
What is Spatial Diffusion?
Introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion
What is Islamization?
The development of higher-yield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries
What is the Green Revolution?
A particularly virulent form of Sunni Muslim revivalism
What is Wahhabism?
A local or regional outbreak of a disease
What is Epidemic?
Underground tunnels that carry water to dry flatland areas
What are Qanats?
Diffusion by migration wherein innovations are carried by a relocating population
What is Relocation Diffusion?
A checkerboard-like spatial pattern wherein a few localized regions experience development while the rest are unaffected
What is Fragmented Modernization?
The southern border of the African Transition Zone that marks the frontier of the Muslim faith in its southward penetration of Subsaharan Africa
What is the Islamic Front?
Macro-scale diffusion through a national or continental-scale involving the trickling down of an innovation
What is Hierarchical diffusion?