CHAPTER 5
What is the average height and weight at birth?
20 inches and 7.5 pounds
What is gaze-following?
Knowing what caregivers look at is important.
Which emotion, emerging between 4 and 8 months, is a healthy response to frustration?
Anger
What is the term used for the emotional connection that develops between infants and caregivers through mutual interaction?
Attachment
What is “shaken baby syndrome"
Shaken baby syndrome is a life-threatening injury, this motion ruptures blood vessels in the brain.
What is a holophrases?
a single word that conveys a complex idea or a full sentence's worth of meaning. example: "up" for "pick me up"
What are the two types of fear that typically emerge in infants at about 9 months?
Stranger wariness and separation anxiety.
What does the "mirror test" assess in children?
Self-awareness from page 18
What are malnutrition, stunting, and wasting?
Forms of undernutrition, which is a broader term for an imbalance of nutrients in the body.
How many stages of Sensorimotor Intelligence are there.
6 stages
What does infant stranger wariness indicate about their behavior: abnormality or typical development?
It indicates typical development.
At what age is anger typically first expressed in infants?
6 months
True or False: All healthy infants develop the same motor skills in the same sequence.
True
What is Object Permanence?
A realization that objects or people continue to exist when they are no longer in sight. ( during the secondary circular reaction)
At what age do infants typically exhibit their first social smile, and what triggers it?
Infants exhibit a social smile at around 6 weeks, triggered by viewing human faces.
Describe the significance of object permanence in infant development.
Object permanence is crucial in infant development as it signifies the understanding that objects and people continue to exist even when out of sight. This cognitive milestone fosters memory, encourages exploration, and enhances social interactions, laying the foundation for later cognitive and emotional growth.
What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills?
Gross motor: skills involve large muscle groups and large body movements like walking, running, and jumping.
Fine motor: skills involve small muscle movements, mainly in the hands and fingers, for precise tasks like writing, buttoning clothes, or using utensils.
What category do the sensorimotor intelligence stages break into?
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
What is sadness in infants often a sign of, and how does it affect their stress levels?
Sadness indicates withdrawal and is accompanied by increased cortisol production, making it a stressful experience for infants.
How do toddlers' emotions change from infancy, particularly regarding anger and fear?
Anger and fear become less frequent and more focused Laughing and crying become louder and more selective Temper tantrums may emerge New emotions develop: pride, shame, embarrassment, disgust, guilt