Sockeye Salmon in Bristol Bay
This is the life cycle stage in which sockeye salmon migrate from freshwater to saltwater.
What is the "smolt" phase?
Clams and cockles are under the Phylum ____________ and the Class ________________.
What is Phylum "Mollusca" and Class "Bivalva"?
Instead of bones, skates and sharks are made of primarily this.
What is "cartilage"?
This term describes herring coloration (dark on top, light on bottom) as an adaptation strategy.
What is "countershading"?
About ____% of the world's sockeye salmon come from Bristol Bay, one significant reason why it's so important to maintain salmon habitat in Bristol Bay.
What is "50%"?
This term describes the total number of salmon entering the river minus the number harvested (the number of salmon entering streams to spawn).
What is "escapement"?
This body part is responsible for filtering the water for plankton and organic particles.
What is the "siphon"?
This part of the skate body is used to age it, like counting rings on a tree.
What is "vertebrae?"
This term describes fish that eat plankton. Herring is one example of this term.
What is "planktivores"?
When atmospheric carbon dioxide is mixed into the ocean, there is an increase in hydrogen ions (H+) which decreases the amount of ________________ ions for bivalves to build their shells.
What is "carbonate"?
Naknek-Kvichak, Egegik, Ugashik, Nushagak, and Togiak are the five _______________ ___________ in Bristol Bay.
What are "management districts"?
This is the term used to describe the reproduction style where environmental cues trigger the release of gametes into the water column.
What is "broadcast spawning"?
The most skates are captured in these two fisheries.
What is "long-line and bottom-trawl"?
In this fishery, herring are placed in a pen in order for their eggs to be deposited on giant kelp.
What is "pound fishery"?
An increase in _________ bycatch is one issue that prevents targeted skate fisheries in Alaska.
What is "halibut"?
Fishing for all five pacific salmon species found in Bristol Bay is restricted to/within these areas of the ocean to help ensure salmon make it up rivers to spawn.
What is "river mouths"?
What are THREE hardshell clam regulations in place to prevent overharvesting?
What are "harvest limits (bag and possession limits), size limits, and licenses/permits"?
This type of fishery is what currently applies to skate harvesting in Alaska. Under this fishery type, skates cannot be directly targeted but can only be caught and sold as bycatch when fishing for other species.
What is a "non-target" fishery?
Cast netting surveys are used to give fisheries managers estimates of herring _____ __________________.
What is "age composition"?
Habitat degradation through this human activity is one threat to herring populations.
What is "logging", "mine development", or "infrastructure (i.e. harbor) development"? (other responses may be acceptable depending on reasoning)
Managers in Bristol Bay use information from the False pass commercial fishery and the offshore test fishery Port Moller to make these estimates that help set fishing limits.
What is "indicators of run strength"?
This survey is conducted to estimate the abundance of razor clams. Materials required include a floating platform, a firehose, and a metal ring.
What is "clam pumping"?
Within the Tier management system, this information about a fish stock is required to fall under Tier 5 management.
What are the "natural mortality rate and biomass"?
This survey is used by fisheries managers to observe herring during the commercial fishing season.
What are "aerial surveys with float planes"?
This negatively impacts herring populations by limiting the abundance and size of their food, crustaceans and arthropods, by increasing the amount of energy required for those organisms to build their shells.
What is "ocean acidification"?