Alkene Adventures
This reaction uses HBr and adds a bromine atom to the more substituted carbon of an alkene
What is Hydrohalogenation
These specific reagents are used to reduce an internal alkyne to a cis-alkene
What are H₂ and Lindlar’s Catalyst
To add a nitro group (NO₂) to a benzene ring via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, you use these two acids.
What are HNO₃ and H₂SO₄
These reagents are used to oxidize a primary alcohol to an aldehyde without continuing the oxidation to a carboxylic acid.
What are PCC or DMP?
Adding a Grignard reagent to a ketone followed by an acid workup produces this type of alcohol.
What is a tertiary (3°) alcohol
These reagents are used to perform syn-dihydroxylation, adding two OH groups to the same side of an alkene
What are OsO₄ with H₂O₂ or cold, dilute KMnO₄ with OH
This reaction uses Na or Li in NH₃(l) to reduce an alkyne into this specific alkene isomer
What is a trans-alkene
This EAS reaction adds an alkyl group to benzene but is often avoided because rearrangements are possible.
What is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
This reaction synthesizes an ether through the SN2 attack of an alkoxide ion on a primary alkyl halide.
What is the Williamson Ether Synthesis?
This name reaction involves the condensation of two esters to form a β-keto ester.
What is a Claisen Condensation
In the halogenation of an alkene using Br₂ and CCl₄, this is the resulting stereoselectivity.
What is Anti
Under oxidizing conditions (O₃/H₂O₂), the ozonolysis of an internal alkyne produces two of these functional groups
What are carboxylic acids?
This specific reagent is used to perform allylic or benzylic bromination without adding bromine across the double bond
What is NBS (with light, heat, or ROOR)
Under acid-catalyzed conditions, a nucleophile will attack this side of an epoxide ring
What is the more substituted side
This specialized hydride reagent is used to reduce an ester specifically into an aldehyde at -78°C.
What is DIBAL-H
This reaction sequence adds H and OH to an alkene with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and syn stereoselectivity
What is Hydroboration-Oxidation
This process describes how an enol (produced from alkyne hydration) converts into a more stable ketone or aldehyde
What is keto-enol tautomerism
A Friedel-Crafts Alkylation or Acylation will result in no reaction if the benzene ring contains this specific type of directing group or an amine.
What is a meta-directing group
This reagent converts an alcohol into a tosylate (OTs), which is an excellent leaving group that retains the stereochemistry of the original alcohol.
What is TsCl (Tosyl Chloride)
This reaction adds an additional carbon double bond to an aldehyde or ketone using a phosphorus ylide (PPh₃=CR₂).
What is the Wittig Reaction
When adding HBr to an alkene, this intermediate allows for the possibility of 1,2-hydride or 1,2-methyl shifts
What is a carbocation
To achieve anti-Markovnikov hydration of a terminal alkyne to form an aldehyde, you must use these reagents
What are 1. Sia₂BH·THF and 2. H₂O₂, OH⁻, H₂O
This reaction uses Zn(Hg) and HCl with heat to reduce a benzene side-chain carbonyl into an alkyl group.
What is the Clemmensen Reduction
These are the three reagents required for a Swern Oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde.
What are DMSO, (COCl)₂ (oxalyl chloride), and Et₃N
This reaction occurs when a nucleophile attacks the beta-carbon of an α, β unsaturated ketone.
What is a Michael Addition