Nervous System
What does CNS and PNS stand for?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What are the 3 planes used in the cerebral hemispheres?
Coronal, Sagittal, and Transverse
Another word for soft palate
Velum
Name the structures of the larynx.
Epiglottis, Hyoid bone, Thyroid Cartilage, Laryngeal prominence, cricoid cartilage, and trachea
What is one function of the CNS?
The brain controls most of the functions of the body, including awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the 5 senses of seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling.
Name an imaging technique used for studying the brain
MRI
The muscle of the velum is the superior constrictor muscle, and pulls downward and backward on the velum.
Pharyngopalatine Muscle
Name the three biological functions of the larynx
Protective mechanism (coughing)
Closure of the respiratory system (exert force, swimming, lifting, childbirth)
Phonation (provides the vibratory source for sound production)
What is one function of the PNS?
Voluntary movements such as chewing food, walking, and facial expressions
What are the 4 lobes of the brain and their main functions?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal lobes.
Frontal lobe: voluntary movement, expressive language, and managing higher level executive functions
Parietal lobe: responds to touch and pain stimuli from all body locations
Temporal lobe: processing of auditory signals
Occipital lobe: contains the primary visual cortex
Which muscles work together to flatten your tongue?
Vertical muscle, Anterior, and Posterior genioglossus muscle
The main contributor of glottal size and configuration
Vocal fold abduction/ adduction
What are the central and peripheral nervous systems made up of?
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system is made up of the cranial and spinal nerves
What is the principle for organizing the blood supply to the brain?
Divide the blood supply into anterior versus posterior circulation
What are the muscles of the pharynx in charge of doing?
Pulling Pharynx walls closer in to constrict the pharyngeal tube, and shape the cavities for articulation.
Many combinations of the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles can be used to produce the same ________.
Fundamental frequency
What is an efferent and afferent tract?
Efferent tract = output, afferent tract = input
When a nucleus sends a fiber tract to another nucleus, that tract is the efferent output from that nucleus. When that same nucleus receives a fiber tract from a different nucleus, that incoming information is the afferent input to the nucleus.
What are three instrumental ways of assessing articulation?
Ultrasound, Electropalatography, and Acoustic Analysis.
Give the 6 elements of prosody.
Pitch
Intonation
Loudness
Stress
Duration
Rhythm