Swallowing
This phase of swallowing involves preparing food by chewing and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus.
What is the oral preparatory phase?
This cranial nerve controls the muscles of the tongue and is important for speech and swallowing.
What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
This term refers to groups of nerve cell bodies located within the peripheral nervous system.
What is ganglia?
This brain region is responsible for planning voluntary movements like speech and swallowing.
What is the premotor cortex?
This brain lobe contains the primary auditory cortex, which processes speech sounds.
What is the temporal lobe?
This cranial nerve is responsible for controlling many muscles involved in swallowing, including movements of the pharynx and larynx.
What is the vagus nerve (CN X)?
This nerve carries auditory information from the cochlea to the brainstem.
What is auditory-vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
This part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information from the body, including touch, pressure, and temperature.
What is the parietal lobe?
This descending projection tract sends motor signals down towards the spinal cord.
What is the corticospinal tract?
This area of the brain is responsible for planning and producing speech movements, and damage to this area can result in difficulty forming spoken words.
What is Broca's area?
This brain region helps humans to voluntarily swallow before the brainstem takes over.
What is the primary motor cortex?
This nerve controls the motor movements of the eyes and does not process the sensory information that they receive.
What is the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
This area of the brain controls voluntary movements, including movements needed for speech production.
What is the primary motor cortex?
This structure uses sensory input to help speech sound more coordinated and timed correctly.
What is the cerebellum?
This hemisphere contains both Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, which aid in speech production and processing.
What is the left hemisphere?
This part of the brain takes control once food reaches the back of the throat.
What is the brainstem?
This nerve carries sensation to the front two-thirds of the tongue and controls the muscles used in the jaw.
What is trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
This part of the brain is considered a "hidden lobe”
What is the insular cortex?
This brain region is responsible for understanding language and interpreting spoken words, and damage to it can result in fluent but meaningless speech.
What is Wernicke’s area?
This brain region combines auditory, visual, and touch information to help process language.
What is the angular gyrus?
The Central Pattern Generator is divided into these two groups of neurons that perform various roles needed to carry out the process of swallowing?
What is the dorsal swallow group and the ventral swallow group?
Damage to this cranial nerve may cause facial weakness, loss of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and difficulty closing the eye.
What is the facial nerve (CN VII)?
This large, fan-like structure is formed by the nerve fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.
What is the corona radiata?
This part of the brain helps send sensory information to the brain needed for speech, hearing and swallowing.
What is the thalamus?
This part of the brain controls the movements of the articulators responsible for speech production.
What is the prefrontal cortex?