Invention
Which Commonplace has the following Subtopics?
Testimonial | Law | Statistics | Example | Authority | Maxim
Testimony
What are the purposes of these sections of the Classical Oration essay?
Narratio
Confirmatio
Narratio: "statement of fact;" where you define terms, give context and background; no arguments!
Confirmatio: the "proofs" where you actually provide your main arguments for the position you are taking.
What is the definition of style? And what is the main virtue of good writing?
definition: "Thought put into words"
main virtue: Clarity
What's the difference between the Natural Memory and the Artificial Memory?
Natural Memory: humankind's natural ability (from birth) to commit things to memory
Artificial Memory: humankind's ability to grow in their ability to commit things to memory through memory tricks and systems of discipline
What is pitch?
The highness or lowness of your voice
Which Commonplace has the following Subtopics?
Possible/Impossible | Past fact/Future fact
Circumstance
What are the purposes of the following sections of the Classical Oration essay?
Partitio
Refutatio
Peroratio
Partitio: thesis statement; states exactly what the essay/speech is seeking to prove/argue
Refutatio: where the writer/speaker deals with and responds to objections to their argument
Peroratio: this is the conclusion where you need to call your audience to action using pathos
On Aristotle's spectrum of style, where should a speech be located and where should an essay be located?
Flat Middle Elevated
_________________________________________
Flat Middle Elevated
_________________________________________
Speech Essay
In the Memory Palace technique, what is a background?
Background: a scene in which you place yourself and the objects you are using to help you memorize things
Why is it important to pause in a speech? What are the two reasons?
For dramatic/rhetorical effect
What are the other two Subtopics of Relationship?
One is Antecedent/Consequent. What are the other two Subtopics of Relationship?
Cause/Effect
Contraries/Contradictories
What is the purpose of Aristotle's stasis theory?
To figure out where the point of contention is in a given disagreement. In other words, it helps you find where people disagree, which helps you narrow down what arguments it is good for you to spend most time on.
What's the difference between denotation and connotation?
denotation: the definition of the word
connotation: what comes to mind when people read/hear the word
In the Memory Palace technique, what is an image?
Volume requires you to do more than just speak loudly enough for the room to hear you. There are two other aspects/requirements for volume. What are those?
Pronunciation
Enunciation
What are the three Subtopics of Comparison?
Similarity/analogy
Difference
Degree
What are the four aspects of Aristotle's "stasis" theory?
Harm: Is it harmful or advantageous?
Importance: Is it significant or insignificant?
Justice: Is it just or unjust?
What are the three criteria of appropriate style? In other words, what are the three things you need to make sure your language does in order to ensure that your style is appropriate for the topic you are discussing?
1. Expresses emotion (pathos) - proper emotion
2. Expresses character (ethos) - proper virtues
3. Corresponds to the subject (logos) - emotions and virtues align with the emotions and virtues necessary for the topic at hand
What are the other two types of memory techniques we talked about other than the Memory Palace technique?
Mnemonic devices
Word association
List five things you need to avoid for gestures and posture.
What are the six Subtopics of Definition?
Genus/Species (definition)
Division
Etymology
Synonym/Antonym
Description
Example
What are the six sections of the Classical Oration structure (Latin names and in the correct order) and what Rhetorical Appeals are each of those sections mainly focused on building?
Exordium (ethos)
Narratio (ethos)
Partitio (ethos)
Confirmatio (logos)
Refutatio (logos)
Peroratio (pathos)
What is the difference between tropes and schemes? List a type of trope and a type of scheme.
Schemes: figures of speech involving a deviation in word order
Tropes: figures of speech involving a deviation in word meaning
(types may vary)
What's the difference between Images of Words and Images of Subject Matter in the Memory Palace technique?
Images of Words: You create an image for every single word you need to memorize.
Images of Subject: You create an image for every idea/concept/sentence you need to memorize.
List the four types of gestures and explain the difference between them.
Descriptive Gestures: gestures that help the audience visualize what you're talking about
Emphatic Gestures: gestures that merely emphasize or underscore the words you are most important
Suggestive Gestures: gestures that are symbols for abstract concepts
Prompting Gestures: gestures that encourage the audience to do something/do the same gesture