Phonemic Awareness
The definition of phonemic awareness
What is the ability to notice, think about, and work with individual sounds in spoken words?
Letters of written langauge
What are graphemes?
Fast, effortless word recognition. (Hint: this skill does not include reading with expression.)
What is automaticity.
Words we use in speaking or recognize in listening.
What is oral vocabulary?
Good readers are both _________ and _________.
What are purposeful and active?
The smallest part of sounds in a spoken word
What is a phoneme?
Phonics instruction teaches this.
What are relationships between graphemes and phonemes?
This improves reading fluency and overall reading acheivement.
What is repeated and monitored oral reading?
Students learn vocabulary this way when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies.
What is direct vocabulary learning?
Thinking about thinking.
What is metacognition?
Teacher: "Guess my word /m/ /at/"
Students: "mat!"
What is an example if onset rime blending?
Letters and combinations of letters are symbols used to represent speech sounds of language based on systematic and predictable relationships between written letters, symbols, and spoken words.
What is the alphabetic principal?
Total words read in one minute minus errors.
What is the procedure for calculating words per minute?
Word parts that are "fixed to" either the beginnings of words or the endings of words.
What are affixes?
This is when the teacher assists students as they learn how and when to apply a new strategy.
What is guided practice?
Teacher: "What is hair without the /h/?"
Students: "Hair without the /h/ is air!"
What is an example of phoneme deletion?
This is when phonics instruction should begin.
What is kindergarten or first grade?
The percentage of 4th graders who, according the a report by the National Assessment of Educational Progress, were low in fluency.
What is 44%?
Hints about the meaning of an unknown word that are provided in the words, phrases, and sentences that surround the word.
What are context clues?
This is when a teacher verbally describes their own understanding about what they are reading.
What is a "think aloud"?
Teacher: "The word is rat. Change the /t/ to /m/. What's the new word?"
Students: Ram!
What is an example of phoneme substitution?
Kindergarten and first grade children who receive this type of phonics instruction are better at reading and spelling than children who did not receive this type of phonics instruction.
What is systematic phonics instruction?
Challenging but manageable text for the reader, with no more than approximately 1 in 10 words difficult for the reader (90% success)
What is instructional level text?
These are the three levels of word knowledge.
What are unknown, acquainted, and established?
Good readers often form these as they read.
What are mental pictures (or imagery)?