Week 1
List the 5 developmental domains
Cognitive, communication, emotional, social, and physical
Define the domains and subdomains of communication
communication->speech->articulation, voice, and fluency
communication-> language-> expressive, and receptive
Name the structures of the velopharyngeal system
hard palate, velum, palatine tonsil, oropharynx, anterior and posterior faucial pillars, and tongue. +
Describe and differentiate /p b/ /p t/ /p g/ /p z/
1. voicing differs
2. place differs
3. voice and place differs
4. place manner and voicing differs
describe acoustic functions of laryngeal and supralaryngeal segments, differentiate pathologies and effects of sound
laryngeal - F0 -> no larynx no base virbation
supralaryngeal - Formants/ vocal tract form-> part of vocal tract gone - various outcomes for how it effects speech
What are S/E, Cg, M/Ph norms for 6m, 1y, 2y, 3y, 4y, and 5y.
S/E: familiar people, play pat-a-cake, look at you to see how to react, stop crying after 10m of being alone, pretend play, act/sing/dance for you.
Differentiate expressive and receptive language
-> form: phonology, morphology, and syntax
-> content: semantics, pragmatics
List the passive forces of VP movement
1. natural recoil forces
2. surface tension of structures in apposition
3. gravity
4. aeromechanical forces
list and describe the dimensions of english vowels
high/low, back/front, tense/lax (roundedness)
what is the difference between oscillogram, spectrum, spectrogram, F0, and F1/2
Oscillogram looks at time over amplitude/ spectrum looks at the frequency in Hz over amplitude at one point in time/ spectrogram looks at the same but over time as well, F0 is the source, formats are the filters
4 reasons for learning about neurodevelopment
1. because we can outline outcomes for atypical things
2. See where in development something happened given an impairment/lesion
3. monitor typical development and aging
4. understand why the brain is organized the way it is
Identify main expressive and receptive developmental norms for children birth-3m, 4m-6m, 7m-1y, 1y-2y
birth-3m: Receptive-> reacting to loud noise, calms to voices, recognizing familiar voices. Expressive-> cooing, cries for different reasons, smiles at you
4m-6m: Receptive-> tracking movement of sound with eyes, responds to tone change, knows toys that make sound, pays attention to music. Expressive-> sound when playing, laughs, sound for emotions, speech-like babble
7m-1y: Receptive-> turn for sound, look when you point, turns to name, plays games, understand words for common objects/people. Expressive-> canonical babbling, uses gestures to get attention and for bye/up, imitates speech sounds, first word around 1
1y-2y: Receptive-> answers simple questions, points to 3 body parts, points to pictures when asked, 1-step instructions, listens to simple stories. Expressive-> names pictures in books, lots of new words, 2-word combos, asks who what where
what muscles close the VP
palatal levator, uvulus, glossopalatine, pharyngopalatine + S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors
What are the prelinguistic stages (flahive and hodson)
1. birth - 1m phonation stage
2. 2m-3m - coo and goo stage
3. 4m-6m - exploration and expansion stage
4. 7m-9m - canonical babbling stage
5. 10m-12m - variegated babbling stag e
Define the source filter modle
Source is the larynx (or artificial), filter is the vocal tract form, and output is the acoustic signal in form of any diagram.
What are the stages of neurodevelopment (name, age, define)
1. dorsal induction, 3-7 weeks, formation of the neural tube
2. ventral induction, 2-3 months, formation of different brain regions
3. neural proliferation, 3-4 months, growth of neurons and glial cells
4. neural migration, 3-5 months, moving of neurons to permanent/specialized locations
5. cortical organization & synapse formation, 5-after birth, synaptic connections and pruning
6. myelination, birth-years after, myeline added to axons of neurons
Define: morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme, MLU, phrase, clause, subordinate clause, lexicon
1. smallest unit of meaning
2. can stand alone
3. cant stand alone
4. mean length of utterance
5. utterance that does not contain subject and verb and does not stand alone
6. utterance with subject and predicate verb
7. embedded clause within a main clause
8. mental vocabulary
When is the VP port closed and open for speech
VP port stays closed during all sounds but nasals
What is the order of phonemes learned (general or specific)
p
m
h
n
w
b
k
g
d
t
ing
f
j
r
l
s
tsh
sh
z
dg
v
the
three
3
List the 6 structures of laryngeal apparatus and describe the two joins and how they move
hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage.
Cricothyroid - forward and down
Cricoarytenoid - in and tilt
1. dorsal induction - spinal Bifida, improper closing of the tube
2. ventral induction - agenesis, no corpus collosum
3. neural proliferation, microcephaly, smooth brain
4. neural migration - lissencephaly, part of the brain smooth
5. cortical organization & synapse formation - polymicrogyria, upside down gyry on inferior surface
6. myelination - hypomyelination, not enough myelin
Identify main form/content/use norms for 3y, 4y, and 5y
3F: stage 3 (31m-24m), irregular past tense, possessive s, uncontactable copula. stage 4 (25m-40m) articles, regular past tense, 3rd person regular, present tense. Variable
3C: expressive-> vocal expands to include new word classes like temporal and spatial. Receptive-> understands abstract language like colors, shapes, and size, understand who what where and when and asks why questions
3U: Improved convo skills by staying on topics 50% of the time. more language in pretend play, beginning to lie and tease, tells narrative stories that are more complex and connected.
4F: Stage 5 (41m-46+m). 3rd person irregular, uncontactable auxiliary, contractable auxiliary, contractable copula. progress from elaborating noun and verb phrases to producing complex sentences
4C: understand comparative and superlative adjectives (big, bigger, biggest) and time concepts. Understands and uses when and how questions at 4 expressive vocab is 1600 words
4U: uses words to invite others to play and to justify requests, follows 3-step instructions without cues, talks about imaginary conditions such as "I wish" and "I hope"
5: increase in figurative language, including jokes. Increase language development using explicit teaching in school from tests. Improved language-based conversation and reasoning skills.
Describe the 4 ways that the VP can be closed
pharynx back, left pharynx wall, velum, right pharynx wall
list the three main areas of phonological processes
omissions, substitutions, and assimilations
1.What are the VF composed of, 2.what are the anterior and posterior attachments of the VF, 3. what differentiates the VF from the VC, 4. what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx and their motions
1. epithelium, sperficial, intermediate, and deep lamina propria, muscle
2. thyroid anterior, arytenoids, posterior
3. VF includes vocal ligaments, and external and internal thyroarytenoids but VC includes only ligament and internal thyroarytenoid
4. thyroarytenoid: shortens VF, posterior cricoarytenoi: abducts (opens), lateral cricoarytenoid: adduct (closes) anterior (front) VT, arytenoids: adduct (closes) posterior VF, cricothyroid: lengthens VF