Nature of Science
What must every scientific investigation begin with?
Question (Problem)
Which type of rock is formed from cooling magma or lava?
Igneous
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
Atom
What is transferred by waves?
Energy
What is the term for energy traveling in electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
Which term means the average amount of kinetic energy (motion) in a substance?
temperature
What do we call the ability to cause change?
Energy
What is the base of every food web?
Producers (plants)
What do we call evidence of an existence, such as hardened footprints, claw marks, or animal dung?
Trace Fossils
List the three compositional layers of Earth from the outermost to the innermost layer.
crust, mantle, core
How does scientific knowledge change over time?
Based on New Evidence
When layers of sediment are compacted and cemented together, what type of rock is created?
Sedimentary
A substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of a/an _____________ have the same atomic number.
Element
Which type of wave requires a medium to travel?
Mechanical
Which EM waves are the only ones we can see?
Visible Light
What is the term for the transfer of kinetic energy from warmer to colder objects?
heat
What do we call the total amount of kinetic energy inside the molecules of an object that transfers to cooler objects?
Thermal (heat) energy
What level of the food web eats producers?
Primary Consumers
What type of dating includes comparing two objects to see which is older and which is younger?
Relative Dating
What is it called when hot, less dense matter rises in the mantle and cooler, denser matter sinks?
convection
What is it called when a scientist uses research and experience to make a prediction about what the outcome of an experiment will be?
The Hypothesis
What two steps have to happen to an igneous rock before it can transform into a sedimentary rock?
1-weathering into sediment
2-compaction and cementation of that sediment
Describe the volume and shape of a solid
Fixed volume; fixed shape
What term is used to describe the distance between wave crests?
Wavelength
Which EM waves have a slightly lower frequency that visible light?
Infrared Waves
Which state of matter has the most energy?
gases
Which type of potential energy is stored in food, gas, and batteries?
Chemical Energy
What level of the food web eats producers?
Primary consumers
Which type of disturbance happens when magma rises up in between cracks in rocks and cools into new rock?
Intrusion
The Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into large sections that move over the mantle. What are they called?
Tectonic Plates
What term means an explanation of how or why natural events occur based on a great deal of evidence?
A Scientific Theory
What two steps have to happen to a metamorphic rock before it can become an igneous rock?
1-melting into magma or lava
2-cooling of that magma or lava into igneous rock
This theory states that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles that consent of electrons in a cloud surrounding a positive nucleus.
Atomic Theory
What is it called when light waves bounce off of an object?
Reflection
Which type of EM wave has a wavelength that is shorter than visible light waves, but longer than x-rays?
Ultraviolet Light
Which type of heat transfer takes place as warmer less dense matter rises and colder, denser matter sinks?
Convection
Which type of energy is the sum of kinetic energy (motion) and potential energy (stored energy) combined?
Mechanical Energy
What level of the food web is always at the top?
Tertiary Consumers
What is created when geologists take rock layers from two different areas and combine them in order from youngest to oldest?
Geologic Column
What is formed at divergent boundaries under the ocean where magma rises and cool and creates new sea floor?
Mid-ocean Ridges
Which variable is measured at the end of an investigation?
Dependent (outcome/responding) variable
This term describes the point in the rock cycle where rocks break down.
Erosion
Phase of matter in which particles slide past one another
liquid
What color is the reflection of all wavelengths of visible light combined?
White
Which EM waves have the most energy and the greatest frequency?
Gamma Waves
Which type of heat transfer takes place as warmer objects come into direct contact with cooler objects?
Conduction
What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes forms?
Law of conservation of energy
What is a term for a factor in the environment that decreases the size of a population?
Limiting Factor
Which law states that younger rock layers are on top of older rock layers?
Law of Superposition
What is the term for the sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another plate at convergent boundaries?
Subduction