Show:
bonds
noncovalent bonds
Proteins
Energy
chemical composition
100
when two atoms share electrons equally
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
100
mutual repulsion of water
What is the hydrophobic force?
100
reduces activation energy so a reaction is kinetically favorable
What is an enzyme?
100
a change where free-energy is lost
What is a spontaneous or thermodynamically favorable reaction?
100
a monomer with many -OH (hydroxyl) groups
What is a monosaccharide?
200
when two atoms do not share electrons equally
What is a polar covalent bond?
200
strongest of the noncovalent bonds
What is an ionic bond?
200
how an event at one binding site can change the properties at a second binding site
What is conformational change?
200
change can only increase disorder in an isolated system
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
200
besides water, makes up greatest fraction of cell weight
What are macromolecules? (proteins > nucleic acids and polysaccharides)
300
reason why atoms share electrons
What is to have maximum number of electrons in the outermost shell?
300
a noncovalent bond between electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative atom
What is a hydrogen bond?
300
determines what molecules a protein will bind to
What is the geometry and distribution of charge on a protein's surface?
300
energy can be converted from one form to another, but never destroyed or created
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
300
core pathway supplying precursors for making the monomers of macromolecules
What is glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
400
transfer of an electron from one atom to another
What is an oxidation-reduction?
400
noncovalent bond arising from fluctuating electrical charges
What is a van der Waals attraction?
400
binding between two molecules because of matching geometry and distribution of charge so noncovalent bonds form
What is selective binding?
400
making an unfavorable reaction happen
What is work?
400
hydrophobic building block for membranes
What are fatty acids?
500
geometry, flexibility, polarity and reactivity
What are four properties of molecules that depend on the type of covalent bonds?
500
reason ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds are weaker in a cell than in a vacuum
What is a hydration shell or competition with water?
500
reason alpha helices and beta sheets are common
What is the repeating pattern of hydrogen bonding opportunities along the backbone of a protein?
500
a kinetic barrier to a spontaneous reaction
What is activation energy?
500
forms spontaneously because of amphipathic nature of phospholipids
What is a lipid bilayer?