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Fluency
Fluency/Anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy 2
Anatomy 3
100

refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production.

What is Fluency?

100

 involves techniques like deep breathing, slowed speech rate, light articulatory contact and gentle initiations.  

What is shaping fluent speech?

100

  • Respiratory

  • Phonatory

  • Articulatory 

What are the three major systems for speech production?

100

Primary functions

  • Closes opening into trachea (reflex)

  • Expels substances that sneak in – Cough

  • Airway compression - Lifting and pushing

What is the Phonatory System?

100

  • Pharynx (throat)

  • Oral cavity

  • Nasal cavity

What is the Vocal Tract?

200
  • Associated physical tension or struggle.
  • Secondary behaviors (e.g., eye blinks, facial grimacing, changes in pitch or loudness)
  • Negative reaction or frustration.
  • Avoidance behaviors (e.g., reduced verbal output or word/situational avoidances)
  • Family history of stuttering.

What are signs of dysfluency/stuttering?

200

use a known fluency-inducing condition and that have as an explicit goal teaching the client to speak in a manner that will not include stuttering.

What is Modification Therapy?

200

  • Respiration = breathing


  • Phonatory - Larynx = prevents aspiration of food/drink into lungs


  • Articulators = chewing, swallowing



What are the primary functions of these systems?

200

term for closed Vocal Folds

What is adducted?

200

forms the floor of the mouth

Serves as framework for tongue, lips, and mouth

What is the Jaw/Mandible?

300

Developmental

Acquired

Psychogenic

What are causes of onset of dysfluency?

300
  • Listen to the person the same way you would to someone who doesn't stutter.
  • Be patient. ...
  • Listen to what the person is saying, not how they are saying it.
  • Don't ask the person to slow down or start over (but it might help if you speak calmly and a little slower than normal).
  • Try to help the person stay relaxed.

What are suggestions when speaking with one who stutters?

300

  • Exchange of gas between an organism and its environment

  • Inspiration: involves bringing oxygen to the body’s cells by breathing in

Expiration: eliminate carbon dioxide from the body’s cells

What is Respiration?

300

  • determined by subglottal air pressure


Greater pressure = greater intensity

What is vocal loudness?

300

  • Velum can be lowered or raised

    • Lowered – opens passageway to nose

    • Raised – closes nasal from oral passage way

What is the soft palate?

400

Case hx

Parent/caregiver behaviors

speech analysis

assess feelings

What needs to be included in an evaluation?

400

  • Primary function – mastication


  • Secondary function – contact point for certain speech sounds

    /f/, /v/, “th”

What are the teeth?

400

  • an overlaid function of these anatomical structures

What is speech?

400

  • measure nasality


  • Disorders – hyponasality, hypernasality



What is resonance?

400

Velum position is raised

    Muscles of pharynx (throat) contract 

    to meet velum

What is Velopharyngeal Closure?

500

Phase 1- 

  • Episodic

    • When upset, tired, emotional, etc.

    • Child does not react to disfluency

Phase 2-

  • More Chronic -Child recognizes self as person who stutters

    • Little concern about stuttering

    • Happens more when excited or talking fast

Phase 3- 

  • Varies Situationally

    • Some words/sounds more difficult

    • Avoids those or substitutes others

Phase 4-  

  • Fearful anticipation

    • Fears words/sound & situations

    • Frequent substitutions

    • Avoids situations

    • Feels embarrassed, afraid, hopeless

    • Late adolescence/adulthood

What is the Development of Dysfluency?

500

  • Part of the facial muscles


  • Orbicularis oris –  muscle that comprises the lips


  • Buccinator – large flat muscle that comprises the cheeks



What are the lips and cheeks?

500

  • Consists of three structures

    • Oral and nasal cavities

    • Larynx and trachea

    • Bronchial tree and tubes

What is the Respiratory Passageway?

500

  • Function:

    • Shapes phonation noise from larynx into speech

What is the articulatory system?

500

  • Bony roof of the mouth/floor of the nose


    • Soft palate attaches in back

    • Attach to teeth in front


      • Alveolar process – outer edge of maxillary bone

      • Consists of two pieces of bone that fuse at midline during the fetal stage

        • Disorder – cleft palate

What is the Hard Palate?