IV Therapy
This IV complication can cause swelling, redness, warmth, streak formation, or pain around the IV site.
What is phlebitis? (and what intervention would be appropriate if you assessed this?)
All blood products should only ever be administered with this IV solution.
What is normal saline?
This is the best indicator for fluid status of a patient (fluid volume excess/deficit).
What is weight?
This is required for the formation of Vitamin D in the body.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, oral supplements, dietary sources
This acid-base imbalance can be caused by CNS depression and symptoms can include headache, tremors, flushed skin, confusion, and restlessness.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This intravenous (IV) solution has a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood.
What is Isotonic Solution?
This type of transfusion reaction can have symptoms including chills, fever, low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, hematuria, decreased BP, and can even lead to death.
What is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
An example of this tonicity of fluid is Lactated Ringers.
What is isotonic?
This electrolyte imbalance can manifest with absent deep-tendon reflexes, hypotension, or respiratory failure.
What is Hypermagnesemia?
This acid-base imbalance can be caused by kidney disease or diarrhea and symptoms can include headache, lethargy, N/V, and elevated potassium.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This IV complication can cause edema, pallor, pain, or coolness around the IV site.
What is infiltration?
This is the minimum amount of time a nurse should stay 1:1 with a patient after starting a blood product transfusion.
What is 15 minutes?
These are signs of dehydration.
What is oliguria, dizziness, dry mouth/lips/tongue, and changes in mental status.
This electrolyte imbalance cause laryngeal spasm, muscle tetany, and convulsions.
What is hypocalcemia?
In acid-base imbalances that are fully compensated what does the pH, CO2, and HCO3 look like?
pH = normal
CO2 = abnormal
HCO3 = abnormal
The nurse is administering 2.5 L of lactated ringers (LR) over 10 hours. Calculate the rate (mL/hour) and round to the nearest whole number.
1 liter = 1000 mL
2.5 x 1000 = 2500 mL
2500 = mL/hr divide by 10
What is 250 = mL/hr
These are the first 3 steps a nurse will follow if they suspect a transfusion reaction.
What is stopping the transfusion, notify the provider, and start new NS with new tubing?
These are symptoms of fluid volume deficit.
What are hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulses, increase in serum labs, thirst, dry skin/tenting, poor skin turgor, weight loss, and dry mucous membranes?
This electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, and possible ileus.
What is hypokalemia?
pH 7.29
CO2 49
HCO3 30
PO2 75
What is Partially Compensated Respiratory acidosis?
When administering a hypertonic solution the nurse should closely watch for this.
What is Pulmonary Edema and CHF?
This blood type is known as the “universal donor”?
What is Type O? Better known as the universal donor.
These are symptoms of fluid volume overload.
What are crackles in lungs, hypertension, short of breath, tachypnea, edema, weight gain, bounding pulse, JVD, and decrease in serum labs?
This presents with symptoms of abdominal moans, painful bones, kidney stones, groans, neurologic overtones
What is Hypercalcemia?
What is the normal value for pH?
What is 7.35-7.45?
This condition below could lead to cell lysis, if not properly monitored.
What is Hypotonicity?
Before starting a blood transfusion the nurse will perform these verification processes?
What is check the physician’s order, patient’s identification, blood bank’s information, patient’s blood type and donor’s type along with Rh factor, expiration date, assess the bag of blood for damage or abnormal substances
These are interventions for a client with severe edema.
What is a Low-salt diet, maintenance of the underlying health condition contributing to edema, reduction of IV fluids & administer diuretics as ordered.
This is the next step when the nurse assesses the absence of deep-tendon reflexes when administering magnesium sulfate for a client.
What is Stop the medication infusion?
This blood test is performed requires a sample from an artery in your body to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood. The test also checks the balance of acids and bases, known as the pH balance, in your blood.
What is a ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)?
These fluids remove water from the extracellular space into the intracellular space.
What is Hypotonic Solution?
A patient started receiving their first unit of blood at 1000. It is now 1010 and the patient is reporting itching, chills, and a headache. In addition, the patient’s temperature is now 99.8’F from 98’F. Your next nursing action is ___________?
What is Stop the transfusion?
This patient is at most risk for hypomagnesemia?
What is a chronic alcoholic?
Nursing interventions for a patient with hypermagnesemia include administering calcium gluconate to:
What is antagonize the cardiac effects of magnesium?
Symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
When a caustic medication leaks into tissue surrounding the IV, leading to tissue damage.
What is extravasation?
Blood transfusions should infuse for this long only.
What is 2-4 hours?
Released from the pituitary, this substance promotes water resorption.
What is anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
May be caused by loss of GI secretions, excess potassium loss, or too much water intake.
What is hyponatremia?
The respiratory pattern used to compensate for a metabolic acidosis.
What is hyperventilation?