vocab
Substance dissolved in a solution
Solutes
what are the major electrolytes in the intracellular and extracellular fluid
Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium
Name 2 s/s of hyponatremia
Stupor, coma, anorexia, lethargy, tendon reflex decrease, limp muscle, THIRST, orthostatic hypotension, and tenting
What is the difference between crystalloid and colloid IV therapy
Crystalloids can pass through semipermeable membranes. Colloid does not completely dissolve and can not pass through semipermeable membranes.
Pt states they have a lot of bone pain and spends most of their day in bed
Hypercalcemia
Passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration until equilibrium is established
osmosis
what is the function of sodium
Think volume
maintains cells' normal fluid balance and acid balance in the body. critical for nerve impulse contraction and also pulls water
name 2 s/s for hyperkalemia
muscle cramps, urine abnormalities, resp. distress, and decrease cardiac contraction, and ECG changes
what is the purpose of isotonic iv solutions
Replace ECF loss
Pt has some ECG changes and is having a lot of muscle cramps recently
Hyperkalemia
the force exerted by a fluid/water in blood vessels pushes fluids and solutes out of the vessel
hydrostatic pressure
what is the normal function of potassium
think electricity
transmission of nerve impulses, and to help maintain normal levels of fluid inside our cells
what is the number one cause of hypervolemia and what is the first sign
Excessive IV fluid, and crackles in the lungs
what does a hypertonic iv solution do
Pulls water from the cell into the vascular space
Pt has CHF and has gained 6lbs in the past 3 days
Hyponatremia
the force required to push a solvent through a solution
osmotic pressure
how does hypovolemia occur
abnormal loss of fluids through the skin, gi tract, and kidneys
How does hypovolemia occur
Abnormal loss of fluids through the skin, gi tract, and kidneys
what does a hypotonic solution do
Pulls water from the vascular space into the cell
Pt states that they have been taking lots of antacids in the past month to relieve their heartburn
Hypermagnesemia
osmotic pressure exerted by large molecules, serves to hold water within the vascular space
colloid osmotic pressure
what is magnesium function
major muscle relaxant, role in neuromuscular function, produces vasodilation
A client is taking a diuretic when implementing education, what information should be included in regards to specific electrolytes
Bloodwork will show a decrease in potassium
what are some complications with Iv therapy
Fluid overload, IV infiltration, IV phlebitis, Air embolism, and infection at the site
pt who is on diuretics states they pee all the time but they have not had a BM in a week
Hypokalemia