Movement of Body Fluids
A process in which a solute in a solution moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is diffusion?
Stored in the pituitary gland and is released in response to changes in blood osmolarity; prevents diuresis, thus causing the body to reabsorb water
What is antidiuretic hormone?
Greater than 145, water deprivation, excess aldosterone secretion
What is hypernatremia?
Abundant cation, maintains water balance
What is sodium?
If a patient has a diagnosis of hypomagnesemia, what other diagnosis may they have?
What is alcoholism?
The movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to one that has a higher concentration
What is osmosis?
Responds to decreased renal perfusion caused by a decrease in extracellular volume
What is renin?
Less than 3.5, use of potassium-wasting diuretics, alkalosis
What is hypokalemia?
Predominant intracellular electrolyte, needed for glycogen deposits in liver and skeletal muscle, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac conduction
What is potassium?
An imbalance caused by vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, diuretic therapy
What is hypokalemia?
What is osmolarity?
Renin acts to produce this, which causes some vasoconstriction
What is angiotensin I?
Greater than 5.0, acidosis, use of potassium-sparing diuretics, fluid volume deficit
What is hyperkalemia?
99% in bone, 1% is in ECF
What is calcium?
Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid
What is edema?
A process in which water and diffusible substances move across a membrane in response to fluid pressure, from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
What is filtration?
Adrenal cortex releases this to counteract hypovolemia in response to increased plasma potassium levels
What is aldosterone?
Below 1.5, positive Chovstek's sign, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Needed for enzyme and neurochemical activities and cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability
What is magnesium?
Apricots, avocados, bananas, dates, oranges, raisins, tuna
What are foods high in potassium?
The movement of molecules or ions "uphill" against osmotic pressures to an area of higher concentration
What is active transport?
This promotes vasodilation, acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and diminishes the thirst mechanism
What is natriuretic peptide?
Ionized level above 5.5, can create kidney stones, hypoactive reflexes
What is hypercalcemia?
Major chemical base buffer within the body
What is bicarbonate?
A patient presents to the ED with a BP 180/65, P 104, neck vein distention, bounding pulse, RR 20. What disorder does the nurse suspect?
What is hypervolemia?