Fluid and Electrolytes

Hypovolemia/ Hypervolemia

100

Which one will the diagnostics show low H/H, low osomolality, low BUN, and hypoalbuminemia

Hypervolemia

200

Name the two isotonic fluids and which one do you treat with isotonic fluid?

- NS and LR 

- Hypovolemia

300

Hypo or hyper? common causes: Kidney Dx, Heart Failure, Cirrhosis, Adrenal Gland Disorder, Corticosteroids, Excessive IVF

Hypervolemia

400

What are at least 5 S&S of hypovolemia?

hyperthermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, ↓
BP, orthostatic BP, acute weight loss, oliguria,
↓ cap refill, sunken eyeballs, poor skin turgor,
flat neck veins, syncope

500

Name the 6 thing to assess for a pt with hypervolemia.

I/O’s, daily weight, lung sounds, heart
sounds, VS, medication compliance

Common Causes

100

Which imbalance is commonly caused by VitD deficiency, ↓parathyroid function, Malnutrition, Diarrhea, Renal Fx?

hypocalcemia

200

Which imbalance is commonly caused by ↓dietary intake/ intestinal absorption, excessive antacid use?

Hypophosphatemia (low phosphorus)

300

What are the common causes for hyponatremia? 

Surgical pt, Extreme temp/exercise, psychogenic polydipsia, N/V/D, too much Hypotonic fluids

400

What is the common cause of hyperchloremia?

Excessive use of Cl containing fluids

500

What are the 5 common causes of hypokalemia?

GI Loss, NG Suctioning, Diuretics, PCN, Corticosteroids

Teaching/ Prevention

100

What imbalance goes with this teaching/ prevention?

-IV Calcium gluconate, Loop Diuretics, IV Fluids (NS, LR)

Hypermagnesmia 

200

What imbalance goes with this teaching?

- Avoid meats, nuts, high protein, cheese, dairy; Phosphate binders

Hyperphosphatemia

300

What do you wanna teach a pt with hypokalemia?

Eat fruits, potatoes, nuts, don’t abuse laxatives

400

What do you wanna teach a pt with hypocalcemia?

IV Calcium Gluconate, Smoking cessation, Limit caffeine and alcohol, Treat low Mag

500

What is the nursing teaching to prevent/ treatment for hyperkalemia?

IV diuretics (Lasix, Bumex), Kayexalate, IVP Calcium gluconate, IV sodium bicarb/Insulin/Dextrose 5%

S&S

100

Which imbalance does the S&S include: ↓DTR, thirst, dry mucous membranes, ↑specific gravity, flushed skin, ↓UOP

Hypernatremia

200

Which imbalance do the S&S include: ↑DTR, Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, Hypoactive BS, Constipation, Combative/irritable, vertigo, ↑BP, ↑HR, VFib

Hypomagnesemia

300

What imbalance do the S&S include: Palpitations, PVCs, EKG Changes, Cramping, Muscle weakness, Weak accessory muscles, cardiac arrest

Hypokalemia

400

Which imbalance do the S&S include: Tingling fingers/ Mouth/feet, tetany, +Trousseau’s sign, +Chvostek’s sign, coarse hair, brittle nails, dry skin

Hypocalcemia

500

Name the S&S for hyperkalemia.

EKG Changes, Slow irregular pulse, ↓BP, Oliguria, Paresthesia

Diagnostics

100

levels <135 and what is the normal range

hyponatremia (low sodium)

(135-145)

200

levels >10.2 and whats the normal range

Hypercalcemia (high calcium)

(8.6-10.2)

300

levels <3.5 and what are the normal ranges

hypokalemia (low potassium)

(3.5-5.0)

400

levels >2.3 and what are the normal ranges

Hypermagnesemia (high magnesium)

(1.3-2.3)

500

levels >107 and what are the normal ranges

Hyperchloremia (high choride)

(97-107)