A Cute Kidney Injury
This phase of AKI is characterized by a sudden increase in urine output as kidney function begins to recover.
What is the diuretic phase?
This stage of CKD is defined by a GFR of 15-29 mL/min
What is Stage 4 CKD?
This type of dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane as a filter inside the body.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
This electrolyte imbalance is most life-threatening in AKI and can cause cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is hyperkalemia?
A normal potassium lab value.
What is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L?
This is the cause of a postrenal acute kidney injury.
What is a urinary obstruction?
This manifestation appears early in chronic kidney disease and adults over the age of 60 should be screened for it annually via urine test.
What is proteinuria?
These are two characteristics of peritoneal dialysis outflow that the nurse should monitor.
What are color and amount of outflow?
This mineral is typically low in clients with kidney dysfunction, leading to brittle bones.
What is calcium?
This is one of the arterial blood gas findings that is expected in metabolic acidosis.
(Can name multiple values)
What is a low pH (< 7.35)?
What is low bicarbonate? (<22 mEq/L)?
What is low Co2 (<35)?
(Fully compensated once pH becomes normal)
This is a common early sign of AKI, defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day.
*Hint: it is also the second phase of an AKI*
What is oliguria?
The most common risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
*bonus if you can name the 2nd most common risk factor*:)
What is diabetes mellitus?
(2nd: hypertension)
This is what the nurse is listening for when they auscultate a low "whooshing" sound over the anastomosis of an AV fistula.
What is a bruit?
The medication class that can treat hyperphosphatemia.
What are phosphate-binding agents (Tums, Alka-Seltzer)?
This treatment may be prescribed in severe cases of metabolic acidosis to help correct low bicarbonate levels.
What is sodium bicarbonate administration?
Blood creatinine level: 2 - 2.9 x baseline level
Urine output: <0.5mL/kg/hr for 12 hours or more
What defines a Stage 2 AKI (injury stage)?
A client’s potassium is 6.5 mEq/L with peaked T waves. This is the priority complication the nurse should anticipate.
What is a cardiac dysrhythmia?
This post-dialysis measurement is compared to the client’s pre-dialysis measurement to determine if excess fluid was adequately removed.
What is "dry weight"?
This electrolyte imbalance occurs because the kidneys cannot excrete excess amounts, leading to levels above 4.5 mg/dL.
What is hyperphosphatemia?
This class of medication is considered nephrotoxic and client's should ask the provider about alternative methods of inflammation and/or pain relief.
What are NSAID's?
This type of kidney injury can result from injury to the renal tubular cells due to lack of oxygen.
*Bonus points if you can name the specific cause* :)
What is intrarenal AKI?
(acute tubular necrosis)
These are three dietary restrictions that are applied to chronic kidney disease clients.
*bonus if you can give an example of each* :)
Potassium, Phosphates, Sodium, Magnesium, Fluid
This heart medication should not be given before dialysis because it can be dialyzed, reducing the effect.
What is digoxin?
This is the treatment for the emergent management of hyperkalemia.
What is administration of IV dextrose, insulin, and calcium?
A client with CKD has HCO₃⁻ of 18 mEq/L and pH of 7.30. This lab pattern reflects this acid-base imbalance due to impaired renal excretion.
What is metabolic acidosis?