The average fluid intake for an adult
What is 2-3 L?
This electrolyte changes concentration with changes in water distribution
What is sodium?
This process allows for excretion of CO2 and water to regulate blood pH
What is breathing?
This imbalance will cause weight gain and distended neck veins
What is fluid volume excess?
This hormone is synthesized in the lungs and produces vasoconstriction, which helps to maintain blood pressure
What is angiotension II
A fluid that causes cells to swell
What is hypotonic?
This electrolyte requires vitamin D for best absorption
What is calcium?
This is a blood test that measures pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate levels
What is an arterial or venous blood gas? (ABG or VBG)
Number one cause of metabolic acidosis
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
This hormone is produced in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
What is renin?
The process by which water moves across a semi permeable membrane
What is osmosis?
This electrolyte can get dangerously high with overuse of certain antacid medications
What is magnesium?
Acid-base imbalance that results from hypoventilation
What is respiratory acidosis?
This electrolyte is depleted in cases of loop diuretic use, diarrhea or NG suction. The normal range is 3.5 - 5 mEq/L.
What is potassium?
This hormone is synthesized in the adrenal glands and signals the kidneys to resorb more fluid back into circulation (causes fluid retention).
What is aldosterone?
One of two divisions of the extracellular fluid compartment
What are interstitial or intravascular fluids?
Alterations in this electrolyte can cause life threatening cardiac arrythmias
What is potassium?
The major buffer in the extracellular fluid compartment.
What is bicarbonate?
This electrolyte, found in dark leafy greens, can become dangerously high in end-stage renal disease, and causes bradycardia and hypotension.
What is magnesium?
This hormone triggers a rise in serum calcium
What is parathyroid hormone?
This is a substance such as albumin or another large protein, that maintains osmotic pressure in the vasculature
What is a colloid?
This electrolyte is inversely proportionate to calcium levels in a healthy individual
What is phosphate?
Normal blood pH
What is 7.35-7.45?
This electrolyte is poorly absorbed in acute pancreatitis. Low levels produce a positive Chvostek sign (twitching of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped)
What is calcium?
This disease can be caused by head trauma, and causes a deficit in antidiuretic hormone
What is diabetes insipidus?